Hermes: A Tutorial and Reference Manual - Researcher - IBM

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Typestatesappearinginparticularcontexts: component{typestate constraint{typestate AppendixA.HermesConcreteSyntax149 element{typestate entry{typestate exception{typestate ::=typestate exit{typestate::=formal{typestate inspect{typestate minimum{typestate unwrapped{typestate empty::= open-ended.Itmaybecomemorestructuredinthefuture. Variousoddsandends.Notethatthepragmasyntaxiscurrentlyvery pragma::=pragmastring{literal ::=formal{typestate
AppendixB HermesOperations Thischapterlistsallthehermesoperationsandprovidespreciserulesfor typechecking,typeinferencing,andtypestatecheckingeachoperation. AtypicaloperationdescriptionappearsinFigureB.1.Theexamplewillbe usedthroughoutthissection. B.1OperationDescriptions merge{at(destination,source,position)Exceptions:Depletion, TypeRules: Preconditions: destination2orderedtable source2table destinationsource predefined!integer RangeError, init(source) (DuplicateKey) Description:Removealltableelementsfromsourceandinsertthem duplicatekey(destination) var(destination) init(destination) init(position) var(source) Postconditions: intodestinationsothattheresultingpositionofthersttransferred makeuninit(source) element,ifany,willbeequaltoposition.Allothertransferredelements killconstraints(destination) Qualier:absent andfollowingthelasttransferredelement. Allelementsofdestinationthatformerlyoccupiedpositionsatposition willfollowconsecutively,inthesameorderastheyappearedinsource. orbeyondareshiftedsothattheyappearinthesamerelativeorder, FIGUREB.1.SampleoperationdescriptionSeex11.6,p.112
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DavidF.BaconArthurP.GoldbergAndyLow
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Preface Thisdocumentcontainsatutori
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iv3TypeandTypestateChecking 5Resear
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Tutorial PartI 1
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ortransactions.AHermesmoduleisastra
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61.2.GettingStarted|ASimpleHermesPr
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81.2.GettingStarted|ASimpleHermesPr
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101.2.GettingStarted|ASimpleHermesP
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121.4.PuttingProcessesTogether thec
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141.4.PuttingProcessesTogether newI
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fullycheckedfortypeandtypestateerro
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constructs:thenewinput-port,connect
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201.5.DeclarationsandDenitions whil
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221.5.DeclarationsandDenitions Stan
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whichtheoutputportconnects|calledth
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261.6.ASimpleServer begin QuitCM:Qu
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281.6.ASimpleServer towritedataabst
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toaservice,whileretainingtheability
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322.1.Requirements PutLine PutLine
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342.3.Interfaces WMInterface:callme
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asmallchangetotheinterfaceFilter.Re
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382.5.Front-endProcess callParms.Ge
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402.5.Front-endProcess paringavalue
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ationtable[expr].Wehaveencounteredt
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ishiddenandinnowayaectsthesemantics
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462.7.TheWindowManager callCurrentW
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name.Ifwewaitedtobuildtheapplicatio
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502.8.CreatingaWindowApplication re
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522.8.CreatingaWindowApplication be
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examplesillustratedhere. errorhandl
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563.TypeandTypestateChecking anerro
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583.TypeandTypestateChecking Therei
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604.1.ExpressionBlocks anexpression
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624.3.Variants thevariantcomponents
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thetypestate(i.e.addattributes),but
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accesscontrol{anyonecangetit. 664.4
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685.ResearchDirectionsinHermes
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6Introduction Thereferencemanualpre
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7LexicalandSyntacticRules lectionso
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8Resolution name,attributename,exce
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8.1.2ComponentNames eachhaveacompon
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onthehandlerandusedontheexitstateme
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theelementwillalsobeknownbyapplying
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documentationpurposesevenwheretheya
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ments.Therstargumenttocasemustbeava
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Ifinit(CM)ispresentandCMisacallmess
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6.Determinethepostconditionsforeach
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droppedattributesafternormalcomplet
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11 HermesOperations Throughoutthere
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Thediscardstatementremovesthevaluef
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Ifnoneoftheclausescanexitsnormally,
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Page 128 and 129: Connect Theconnectstatementhastwoop
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Page 142 and 143: A.1LexicalRules Webeginwiththerules
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Page 166 and 167: copy(source,destination):Foreachatt
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Page 172 and 173: copy(continued) Preconditions: unco
Page 174 and 175: drop(continued) SpecialRules:Thenum
Page 176 and 177: exists(continued) SpecialRules:Thes
Page 178 and 179: forall(continued) Description:Ifeve
Page 180 and 181: greater(continued) Description:Ifso
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Page 186 and 187: merge{at(continued) Description:Rem
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Page 194 and 195: select(continued) SpecialRules:Allt
Page 196 and 197: subtract(result,source1,source2) Ty
Page 198 and 199: unary{minus(result,source) TypeRule
Page 200 and 201: wrap(continued) Preconditions: var(
Page 202 and 203: definitions predefined:using() Appe
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{{Specicinformationneededtocomplete
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attrdefinition:record( attributeid:
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statement:record( id:statementid, o
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{{Ablockstatementqualieridentiesthe
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{{expressionisfalse. ifqualifier:re
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{{expression.The'element'rootvariab
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[ASU88]AlfredV.Aho,RaviSethi,andJer
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[SYB87a]RobertE.Strom,ShaulaAlexand
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AppendixC.PredenedModule215 coercio
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AppendixC.PredenedModule217 dening,
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variablename discarded,29 variant,6
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Hermes: A Tutorial and Reference Manual - Researcher - IBM

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