Hermes: A Tutorial and Reference Manual - Researcher - IBM

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exists(continued) SpecialRules:Thestatementqualierisaselector.Theresultvariable typeoftheelementvariableidentiedintheselectormustbetheelementtypeoftable.Theentrytypestatefortheselectoristheentry typestateoftheforallstatement.Thetypestateonnormalexitfrom identiedinthatselectormustbeoftypepredefined!booleanand musthavetheinitattributeonnormalexitfromtheselector.The AppendixB.HermesOperations169 Description:Ifanyelementoftablesatisestheselectoridentiedin Qualier:selector false.Inparticular,iftableisempty,setresulttofalse. theinstructionqualier,thensetresulttotrue.Otherwisesetresultto theforallstatementiscomputedbyapplyingthepostconditionrules listedabovetothenormalexittypestateoftheselector,minusanyattributesinvolvingtheresultorelementvariable.SeeSectionfora exit() discussionofhowtypestatesarecomputedforselectors. TypeRules:None Preconditions:None SpecialRules:Theexitstatementcannotterminatenormallyandthereforehasnonormalterminationtypestate. Exceptions:| Postconditions:SeeSpecialRules Seex11.6,p.110 Description:Raiseanexitconditionfortheexitidentiedintheinstructionqualier.Controltransferstoappropriatehandlerintheinnermost Qualier:exit expression{block() TypeRules:None Preconditions:SeeSpecialRulesPostconditions:SeeSpecialRules containingblockthathandlesthisexitcondition. SpecialRules:Thetypestateonentrytotheexpressionclauseisidentical toentrytypestatefortheexpressionblockstatement.Theresultvariablemusthavetheinitattributeonexitfromtheexpressionclause. thenormalexittypestateoftheexpressionclause,minusanyattributes Exceptions:Depletion Seex11.3,p.101 Thetypestateonnormalexitfromtheexpressionblockstatementis involvingvariablesdeclaredintheexpressionblockstatement.
170B.6.OperationDescriptions expression{block(continued) Description:Executetheinstructionscontainedinthescopeidentied Qualier:expressionblock extract(result,table) TypeRules: result2table computeavalueforaresultvariablealsoidentiedinthequalier. bytheinstructionqualier.Moduloexceptions,theeectwillbeto resulttable table2table Exceptions:Depletion Seex11.3,p.100 Preconditions: SpecialRules:Thestatementqualierisaselector.Theresultvariable SeealsoSpecialRules init(table) var(result) var(table) Postconditions: typeoftheelementvariableidentiedintheselectormustbetheelementtypeoftable.Theentrytypestatefortheselectoristheentry typestateoftheextractstatement.Thetypestateonnormalexitfrom listedabovetothenormalexittypestateoftheselector,minusanyat- theextractstatementiscomputedbyapplyingthepostconditionrules identiedinthatselectormustbeoftypepredefined!booleanand musthavetheinitattributeonnormalexitfromtheselector.The SeealsoSpecialRules killconstraints(table) makeinit(result) Description:Removealltheelementsfromtablethatsatisfytheselector Qualier:selector identiedintheinstructionqualier,assemblethemintoanewtable, resultwillappearinthesamerelativeorderasthedidintable. andstorethenewtableinresult.Iftableisordered,theelementsof tributesinvolvingtheresultorelementvariable.SeeSectionfora discussionofhowtypestatesarecomputedforselectors. forall(result,table) TypeRules: Preconditions: result2boolean init(table) table2table Exceptions:Depletion Seex11.6,p.111 var(result) Postconditions: makeinit(result)
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DavidF.BaconArthurP.GoldbergAndyLow
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Preface Thisdocumentcontainsatutori
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iv3TypeandTypestateChecking 5Resear
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Tutorial PartI 1
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ortransactions.AHermesmoduleisastra
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61.2.GettingStarted|ASimpleHermesPr
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81.2.GettingStarted|ASimpleHermesPr
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101.2.GettingStarted|ASimpleHermesP
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121.4.PuttingProcessesTogether thec
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141.4.PuttingProcessesTogether newI
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fullycheckedfortypeandtypestateerro
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constructs:thenewinput-port,connect
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201.5.DeclarationsandDenitions whil
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221.5.DeclarationsandDenitions Stan
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whichtheoutputportconnects|calledth
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261.6.ASimpleServer begin QuitCM:Qu
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281.6.ASimpleServer towritedataabst
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toaservice,whileretainingtheability
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322.1.Requirements PutLine PutLine
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342.3.Interfaces WMInterface:callme
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asmallchangetotheinterfaceFilter.Re
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382.5.Front-endProcess callParms.Ge
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402.5.Front-endProcess paringavalue
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ationtable[expr].Wehaveencounteredt
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ishiddenandinnowayaectsthesemantics
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462.7.TheWindowManager callCurrentW
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name.Ifwewaitedtobuildtheapplicatio
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502.8.CreatingaWindowApplication re
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examplesillustratedhere. errorhandl
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563.TypeandTypestateChecking anerro
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583.TypeandTypestateChecking Therei
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604.1.ExpressionBlocks anexpression
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624.3.Variants thevariantcomponents
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thetypestate(i.e.addattributes),but
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accesscontrol{anyonecangetit. 664.4
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685.ResearchDirectionsinHermes
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6Introduction Thereferencemanualpre
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7LexicalandSyntacticRules lectionso
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8Resolution name,attributename,exce
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8.1.2ComponentNames eachhaveacompon
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onthehandlerandusedontheexitstateme
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theelementwillalsobeknownbyapplying
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documentationpurposesevenwheretheya
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ments.Therstargumenttocasemustbeava
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Ifinit(CM)ispresentandCMisacallmess
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6.Determinethepostconditionsforeach
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droppedattributesafternormalcomplet
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11 HermesOperations Throughoutthere
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Thediscardstatementremovesthevaluef
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Ifnoneoftheclausescanexitsnormally,
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Ifthereisanoptionalselectexpression
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stmemberisanatomwithprintnamematchi
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types.Additionally,theoperations\an
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Less,Less-equal,Greater,Greater-equ
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RecordTypeFamily 11.5RecordOperatio
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valueofthetable,ifany,isdiscarded.
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thetableisordered,theelementisinser
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notallowedonconstantcopies.Avariabl
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thereisnoselectedelement,aNotFounde
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willbeuninitialized,andthedestinati
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Page 198 and 199: unary{minus(result,source) TypeRule
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Page 202 and 203: definitions predefined:using() Appe
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