Hermes: A Tutorial and Reference Manual - Researcher - IBM

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user{exception constant{parameters minimum::=minimumminimum{typestate ::=constant([component{name[,component{name]... ]) AppendixA.HermesConcreteSyntax145 key ::=exceptionuser{exception{nameexception{typestate Attributeconstructions: case{declaration ::=([formal{variable[,formal{variable]...]) attribute{construction component{declaration ::=constraint( ::=named{literal!component{declaration ::=declaration component{typestate (e.g.variants,tables,inports).Inaformaltypestatespecication,eachattributeargumentistakentobeacomponentofanassumedbasevariable attribute::=attribute{nameattribute{arguments formal{typestate formal{attribute typestate::=f[attribute[,attribute]...]g specicationconsistsofacollectionofattributes,eachofwhichincludesan attributenameandalistofarguments.Formaltypestatesappearinthe unwrapandfor...inspectstatements,andinseveraltypeconstructions Typestatespecicationsappearinattributeconstructions.Atypestate )isconstraint{typestateconstraint{expression [declaration[,declaration]...] whichdependsonthecontext. Argumentlistsappearinvariouscontexts,includingcallstatementsand typestateattributes.Theymatchactualargumentstoparameters.Positionalmatchingisachievedwithacomma-separatedlistofarguments.A keyword-basedargumentslistexplicitlyincludestheparameternamesso ::=f[formal{attribute[,formal{attribute]...]g thatpositionisunimportant. allowedasanargument. Thevarioustypesofargumentlistsaredistinguishedonlybywhatis ::=attribute{nameformal{attribute{arguments
146A.2.SyntacticRules call{arguments labeled{expression attribute{arguments ::=([expression[,expression]...]) ::=(labeled{expression[,labeled{expression]...) labeled{variable{name ::=identier:expression formal{attribute{arguments ::=([variable{name[,variable{name]...]) ::=identier:variable{name ::=empty ::=([formal{variable[,formal{variable]...]) ::=(labeled{variable{name[,labeled{variable{name]...) Names: attribute{name labeled{formal{variable ::=(labeled{formal{variable[,labeled{formal{variable]... ::=denition{name ::=identier:formal{variable ) component{name builtin{exception{name base{variable::=identier ::=module{name!denition{name exception{name denition{name ::=type{name.user{exception{name exit{name::=identier ::=builtin{exception{name
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DavidF.BaconArthurP.GoldbergAndyLow
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Preface Thisdocumentcontainsatutori
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iv3TypeandTypestateChecking 5Resear
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Tutorial PartI 1
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ortransactions.AHermesmoduleisastra
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61.2.GettingStarted|ASimpleHermesPr
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81.2.GettingStarted|ASimpleHermesPr
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101.2.GettingStarted|ASimpleHermesP
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121.4.PuttingProcessesTogether thec
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141.4.PuttingProcessesTogether newI
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fullycheckedfortypeandtypestateerro
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constructs:thenewinput-port,connect
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201.5.DeclarationsandDenitions whil
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221.5.DeclarationsandDenitions Stan
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whichtheoutputportconnects|calledth
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261.6.ASimpleServer begin QuitCM:Qu
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281.6.ASimpleServer towritedataabst
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toaservice,whileretainingtheability
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322.1.Requirements PutLine PutLine
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342.3.Interfaces WMInterface:callme
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asmallchangetotheinterfaceFilter.Re
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382.5.Front-endProcess callParms.Ge
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402.5.Front-endProcess paringavalue
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ationtable[expr].Wehaveencounteredt
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ishiddenandinnowayaectsthesemantics
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462.7.TheWindowManager callCurrentW
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name.Ifwewaitedtobuildtheapplicatio
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502.8.CreatingaWindowApplication re
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522.8.CreatingaWindowApplication be
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examplesillustratedhere. errorhandl
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563.TypeandTypestateChecking anerro
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583.TypeandTypestateChecking Therei
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604.1.ExpressionBlocks anexpression
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624.3.Variants thevariantcomponents
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thetypestate(i.e.addattributes),but
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accesscontrol{anyonecangetit. 664.4
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685.ResearchDirectionsinHermes
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6Introduction Thereferencemanualpre
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7LexicalandSyntacticRules lectionso
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8Resolution name,attributename,exce
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8.1.2ComponentNames eachhaveacompon
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onthehandlerandusedontheexitstateme
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theelementwillalsobeknownbyapplying
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documentationpurposesevenwheretheya
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ments.Therstargumenttocasemustbeava
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Ifinit(CM)ispresentandCMisacallmess
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6.Determinethepostconditionsforeach
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droppedattributesafternormalcomplet
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11 HermesOperations Throughoutthere
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Page 128 and 129: Connect Theconnectstatementhastwoop
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Page 142 and 143: A.1LexicalRules Webeginwiththerules
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Page 156 and 157: Typestatesappearinginparticularcont
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Page 162 and 163: Followingaretheinferencefunctionsap
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Page 166 and 167: copy(source,destination):Foreachatt
Page 168 and 169: assert(continued) Description:Evalu
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Page 172 and 173: copy(continued) Preconditions: unco
Page 174 and 175: drop(continued) SpecialRules:Thenum
Page 176 and 177: exists(continued) SpecialRules:Thes
Page 178 and 179: forall(continued) Description:Ifeve
Page 180 and 181: greater(continued) Description:Ifso
Page 182 and 183: insert{at(table,element,position) T
Page 184 and 185: integer{literal(result) TypeRules:
Page 186 and 187: merge{at(continued) Description:Rem
Page 188 and 189: not(result,source) TypeRules: Appen
Page 190 and 191: print(variable) TypeRules:None Prec
Page 192 and 193: emove(element,table) TypeRules: App
Page 194 and 195: select(continued) SpecialRules:Allt
Page 196 and 197: subtract(result,source1,source2) Ty
Page 198 and 199: unary{minus(result,source) TypeRule
Page 200 and 201: wrap(continued) Preconditions: var(
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definitions predefined:using() Appe
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);'named'->typename:typenameffullg
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{{Specicinformationneededtocomplete
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attrdefinition:record( attributeid:
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statement:record( id:statementid, o
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{{Ablockstatementqualieridentiesthe
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{{expressionisfalse. ifqualifier:re
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{{expression.The'element'rootvariab
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[ASU88]AlfredV.Aho,RaviSethi,andJer
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[SYB87a]RobertE.Strom,ShaulaAlexand
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AppendixC.PredenedModule215 coercio
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AppendixC.PredenedModule217 dening,
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variablename discarded,29 variant,6
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