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106 Sabrina Saponaro, Sara Puricelli, Elena Sezenna et al. Figure 19. Plane section of a possible upgraded system, composed by 4 AS wells (P AS1 , P AS2 , P AS3, and P AS4 ) and 4 SVE wells (P SVE1 , P SVE2 , P SVE3, and P SVE4 ) . The dashed brown line delimits pollution in soil. Figure 20. Results at stationary conditions, over planes shown in (a) or (b), concerning a possible upgraded system (as in Figure 19), composed by 4 injection wells P AS (each operating at Q V,AS,pil ) and 4 extraction wells P SVE (each operating at Q V,SVE,pil ): (c) axonometric view of air saturation S g ; (d) axonometric view of air pressure P g ; (e) P g over plane η, passing at half depth of the screen of the SVE extraction wells. Dashed brown lines delimit pollution in soil. Air velocity vectors (v g ≥ 1 10 -4 m s -1 ) are also shown.
A Modeling Approach Supporting Air Sparging System Design 107 Figure 21. Air pressure P g at steady state for the plant configuration of Figure 19 with surface sealing as in Fig 15(a). P AS (1 to 4) and P SVE (1 to 4) are operating at Q V,AS,pil , and Q V,SVE,pil respectively: (a) axonometric view [as in Figure 20(d)]; (b) over plane η [as in Figure 20(e)]. The dashed brown line delimits pollution in soil. Each color step results in 25 Pa; air velocity vectors (v g ≥ 1 10 -4 m s -1 ) are also shown. Other simulations were carried out for plant configurations composed by 4 injection wells at a distance of 4.5 m from each other, and 1 to 5 SVE wells, in the attempt to capture all the air flowing through the polluted soil. The suggested system is composed by 4 AS wells (4.5 m far) and 4 SVE wells (10.5 m far) placed as shown in Fig. 19. Fig. 20(c) shows an axonometric view with the plane parallel to XZ passing through P AS1 and P AS2 (α), the plane parallel to YZ passing through P SVE2 and P SVE3 (β), and planes γ and δ delimiting pollution in soil. Over plane α, air velocity vectors with v g ≥ 1 10 -4 m s -1 are shown, resulting in the capture in the vadose zone of air flowing through polluted soil under the water table. In the axonometric view shown in Fig. 20(d), P g ranges from the maximum value (1.0150 10 5 Pa) at the water table under natural conditions, to the minimum value (1.0113 10 5 Pa) in the middle of the screened part of SVE wells; plane ζ leans against the top of the polluted soil, where a cross-shaped zone in the core of the polluted soil is not enclosed within the ZOT SVE (ΔP g ≥ 25 Pa) of the upgraded plant. Fig. 20(e) shows plane section η [Fig. 20(b)], where isolines suggest that the ZOT SVE of the upgraded plant is wider than in Fig. 16(b) (one extraction well); however, a certain amount of polluted area is still outside. Including a surface sealing as in Fig. 15(a), the ZOT SVE extends to cover the entire polluted area [Figs. 21(a) and 21(b)]. Conclusion Simulations about the AS plant as actually installed at the site suggest that one injection well ensures air saturation values high enough for an effective treatment only over a very small volume of the polluted soil. As a matter of fact, the duration of the treatment estimated during the system design has been widely exceeded. A higher injection flow rate at P AS does not result in a decisive increase of air saturation within the polluted soil, also due the low intrinsic permeability value. The SVE system is able to collect air flowing through the zone with high
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GROUNDWATER: MODELLING, MANAGEMENT
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Copyright © 2009 by Nova Science P
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vi Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 C
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viii Luka F. König and Jonas L. We
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x Luka F. König and Jonas L. Weiss
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xii Luka F. König and Jonas L. Wei
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xiv Luka F. König and Jonas L. Wei
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SHORT COMMUNICATION
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4 Goloka Behari Sahoo and Chittaran
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Table 2. Number of Samples in Train
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12 Goloka Behari Sahoo and Chittara
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14 Goloka Behari Sahoo and Chittara
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In: Groundwater: Modelling, Managem
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GIS-Based Aquifer Modeling and Plan
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Page 73 and 74: GIS-Based Aquifer Modeling and Plan
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Page 169 and 170: Fundamentals of Groundwater Modelli
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Fundamentals of Groundwater Modelli
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6.0. Model Calibration Fundamentals
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2. Subsurface Contaminants Contamin
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Contaminants in Groundwater and the
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6.2. In Groundwater Contaminants in
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Preliminary Studies for Designing a
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Simulation Study Preliminary Studie
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Water Budget Preliminary Studies fo
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Figure 1. Location of the study are
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Table 1. Continued EVENT BEGINNING
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Groundwater Management in the North
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232 Franco Cucchi, Giuliana Frances
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Table 1. Chemical and isotopical co
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Table 1. Continued Borehole ID Type
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Table 2. Univariate overview of the
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Analytical and Numerical Solutions.
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292 K.L. Katsifarakis 1. Introducti
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294 K.L. Katsifarakis fields with v
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296 K.L. Katsifarakis solution to t
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298 K.L. Katsifarakis The aforement
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300 K.L. Katsifarakis If applicatio
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302 K.L. Katsifarakis s w (50m) 96,
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304 K.L. Katsifarakis well coordina
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306 K.L. Katsifarakis injected in a
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308 K.L. Katsifarakis McKinney, D.C
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310 Nigel J. Cassidy 1.0. Introduct
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312 Nigel J. Cassidy separation). U
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314 Nigel J. Cassidy needed to char
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316 Nigel J. Cassidy resolution min
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318 Nigel J. Cassidy al., 2005; Eve
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320 Nigel J. Cassidy heat. As such,
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322 Nigel J. Cassidy substantially
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324 Nigel J. Cassidy 4.2. Conductiv
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326 Nigel J. Cassidy Figure 6. Prin
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328 Nigel J. Cassidy window is then
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330 Nigel J. Cassidy θ - volumetri
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332 Nigel J. Cassidy (2000). In gen
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334 Nigel J. Cassidy The influence
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336 Nigel J. Cassidy Figure 11. Sum
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338 Nigel J. Cassidy 2. An upper ae
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340 Nigel J. Cassidy upper sand lay
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342 Nigel J. Cassidy Bradford J. H.
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344 Nigel J. Cassidy Doolittle, J.
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346 Nigel J. Cassidy Jardani, A., D
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348 Nigel J. Cassidy Revil, A., Nau
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350 Nigel J. Cassidy Weiller, K. W.
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352 Nick Cartwright, Peter Nielsen,
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362 A. Akber, A. Mukhopadhyay, E. A
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392 Index Bangladesh, 188 banks, 11
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394 Index definition, 18, 20, 26, 1
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396 Index goals, 306 government, 19
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398 Index Miami, 349 migration, x,
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400 Index probability, 166, 295 pro
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402 Index specific heat, 90, 108 sp
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404 Index wetting, 86, 349 wind, 21
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