Journal of Applied Science Studies - Ozean Publications

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Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences 1(1), 2008 The future of garlic production in the study area depends very much on the awareness of its profitability and resource – use efficiency as well as marketing outlet.Base on the problem raised, the study was designed to determine the resources use-efficiency, and costs and returns and the problems associated with garlic production in the study area. METHODOLOGY The study was conducted in Bebeji Local Government Area of Kano State. The choice of this area is on the basis of being a prominent garlic producing area in the State. Bebeji Local Government Area was created out of Kiru Local Government Area in 1991, it consist of 17 villages located in the southwestern part of Kano State with a landmass of 62,989 km 2 . It lies between latitude 10 o 35’N and 12 o 40’N and longitude 7 o 42’E and 9 o 15’E. The Local Government has a population of 264,000 (NPC, 2006) of which 80% are farmers with two major ethnic groups (Hausa/Fulani). The major crops cultivated in the study area include Guinea corn, millet, groundnut, maize, onion, garlic and pepper. Ten (10) farmers each from 5 prominent producing areas in the Local Government Area were randomly sampled from the list of 100 garlic farmers, a total of 50 producers were selected making a sampling frame of 50%. Primary data was used for this study. The primary data was collected based on 2006/2007 cropping seasons through the use of structured questionnaire which was administered to the farmers. Data collected focused on production variables such as; size of land cultivated, quantity of output, quantity and cost of input, labour used for land preparation, planting, fertilizer and organic manure applications, harvesting, storage, marketing and the socioeconomic problems faced during the production of the crop Data collected were analyses using descriptive statistics; budgeting techniques and production function analysis The budgeting technique employed in the study was the net farm income. The Net Farm Income (NFI) is expressed as: NFI = GR – TC TC = TVC + TFC Where, NFI = Net farm income in (N/ha) GR = Gross revenue (N/ha) TVC = total variable cost (N/ha) TFC = total fixed cost (N/ha) TC = Total cost (N/ha) Production Function Analysis Kontsoyannis (1979) defined production function as a physical/technical relationship between factor inputs and output. The functional form employed in this study was the Cobb Douglass functional form which gave the best fit and the lead equation selected for further analysis was the double log based on the following criteria. i. The value of coefficient of multiple determination (R 2 ) ii. The appropriateness of the signs of the regression coefficients iii. The significance of the t-test The Cob-Douglas transformed double log function for the three (3) variable input is specified as LogY = a + b 1 log x 1 + b 2 log x 2 + b 3 log x 3 + e Where Y = yield of garlic (kg/ha) 2
Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences 1(1), 2008 x 1 = Quantity of seeds (kg/ha) x 2 = quantity of labour in man-days/ha x 3 = Quantity of fertilizer used (kg/ha) a = intercept (constant term) b 1 – b 3 = regression coefficients e = error term The regression coefficients derived with observation in logarithms, are the elasticities of the individual resources. Their sum indicates the nature of returns to scale.With the sum being equal to 1, a given percentage increase in input results in proportional increase in percentage of output.With elasticity sums being more or less than one, implies that output will increase by a greater or smaller percentage respectively, than inputs. Estimation of Resource Use Efficiency The efficiency of resource use in the production of garlic was determined. The marginal value product (MVP) of the resources employed in garlic production was estimated by multiplying the marginal physical product (MPP) by the unit price of the output (Y). That is MVPxi = MPPxi.Py Where MVPxi = marginal value product of ith input MPP = marginal physical product of the ith input PY = price of unit output The marginal value product (MVP) was divided by the cost of one unit of the (marginal factor cost) to make influence on resource use efficiency in order to make the relative efficiency of resource use the following ratio was computed: Where R = efficiency ratio MVP = marginal value product MFC = marginal factor cost If r = 1 resource is efficiently used r > 1 resource is over utilized r < 1 resources is under-utilized For the semi-log equation used, the expression for estimating MPP was expressed as: MPPxi = MPPxi = marginal physical product of input xi bi = the estimated regression coefficient of input xi xi = mean value of input being considered 3
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Location & Geology of the Study Are
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A:TWT: 1572ms MD: 5484 ft TWT (ms)
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to the high rate of variation of ba
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N 71000 70000 69000 68000 67000 478
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are gra
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Fig. 3 Simulated threshold voltage
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Fig. 7 CMOS test chip layout design
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Wolf, S. (1995). The Submicron MOSF
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Journal of Applied Science Studies - Ozean Publications

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