estonian agriculture, rural economy and food industry

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2. TABLE 4. Number of agricultural enterprises as of 1 January 2001 Associations and state-owned enterprises 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 1 013 983 873 854 803 734 680 2001 709 Agricultural ancillary enterprises 95 87 52 44 31 33 25 68 Farms 10 153 13 513 19 767 22 722 34 671 41 446 51 081 60 895 Average farm size 24,8 23,1 20,8 22,0 21,7 21,2 20,8 20,7 (Source: ESO annual publication “Agriculture 2000”) TABLE 5. Types of production 2000 Percentage of total output Total crop production Grains Oil crops Legumes Potatoes Vegetables and fruits, berries, and others 100% 36,7% 1,4% 1,7% 25,3% 16,1% 18,8% 38% TABLE 6. Many small farms have emerged The number of associations and state-owned enterprises has decreased in the post-reform years. The last state-owned enterprise was privatised in 2001. The number of agricultural ancillary enterprises has also decreased. The number of farms has grown, but farm size has decreased (Table 4). Grain and dairy farms are most common Agricultural holdings specialise in three types of production: 45% of the farms engage in crop production, 21% in dairy farming, and 31% in mixed production (crop and livestock production). The most common crop type is grain, the output of which accounts for 36.7% of total crop production. Dairy farming is the most common area of livestock farming, where milk products constitute 45.9% of the total livestock production. Livestock production Bovines Pigs Sheep Milk Other 100% 10,1% 22,1% 0,2% 45,9% 21,8% (Source: Ministry of Agriculture, using EUROSTAT methods) 62% 10
3. Trade is largest with European Union and Baltic states Estonia’s trade policy has been liberal during the last ten years. Purchasing of agricultural produce by the state stopped in 1991 and pricing was deregulated. The open economy has implied greater opportunities as well as greater risks to the developing state: Estonian domestic market prices are directly affected by price changes on the world market. The purchasing prices of the main agricultural products increased after the country regained independence. Although experiencing a downturn in 1997, higher prices returned again in 1999. Demand increased on the domestic as well as the foreign market in 2000. In part, this was due to the favourable world market situation, which also triggered a rise in producer prices. The purchasing prices grew by 44.9% for milk, 35.7% for pork, 9.4% for beef, 18.2% for wheat, and 11.6% for rye. 11
Page 1 and 2: ESTONIAN AGRICULTURE, RURAL ECONOMY
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1. What Estonia is like 3
Page 5 and 6: 1. What Estonia is like Estonia is
Page 7 and 8: 1. Climate • Estonia’s climate
Page 9 and 10: 2. Reforms have changed Estonian ag
Page 11: 2. rural inhabitants in agriculture
Page 15 and 16: 4. Economic results of agriculture
Page 17 and 18: 4. smaller enterprises (up to 40 ha
Page 19 and 20: 4. in ownership relations, a situat
Page 21 and 22: 5. Young people are interested in a
Page 23 and 24: 5. forestry, and processing of agri
Page 25 and 26: 6. Forests are an important natural
Page 27 and 28: 7. Fishing is an important industry
Page 29 and 30: 8. Food industry yields a quarter o
Page 31 and 32: 8. Concentration The concentration
Page 33 and 34: 9. Measures taken to assure food sa
Page 35 and 36: 10. Rural enterprise is developing
Page 37 and 38: 10. ments, development of alternati
Page 39 and 40: 11. Different landscape types have
Page 41 and 42: 11. tion areas. The areas belonging
Page 43 and 44: MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE STRUCTURE A

estonian agriculture, rural economy and food industry

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