estonian agriculture, rural economy and food industry

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1. Facts about Estonia Territory • Estonia’s territory is 45,227 km. • Estonia has 14,421 Baltic Sea islands with a total area of 4,130 km 2 . • Estonia has 1,150 lakes with a total area of 2,015 km 2 . • Estonia has 14,331 km 2 of agricultural land and 20,155 km 2 of forest. • Estonia has four national parks and 217 conservation areas occupying 12% of the country’s entire territory. Population • The population of Estonia is 1.45 million. Estonia has 47 towns and 207 parishes, and is divided into 15 counties. • The largest towns are Tallinn (440,000 inhabitants), Tartu, Narva, Kohtla-Järve, and Pärnu. More than one-half of the population (1.01m) lives in towns. • 31% of the population lives in rural areas. 4
1. Climate • Estonia’s climate is influenced by its close proximity to the Baltic Sea and the intensive cyclonical processes of the Atlantic Ocean. Moderately cold winters, cool springs, moderately warm and variably dry-to-rainy summers and long autumns are typical. • The annual average temperature is +5 °C. July is the warmest month with an average temperature of +16 °C to +17.5 °C, while February is the coldest with an average temperature of –3.5 °C in the western parts of Estonia and its islands and –7.5 °C in the eastern part of Estonia. • There are 1600–1870 sunny hours a year; the annual radiation balance for the territory encompassing Estonia is 3500 MJ/m. • The vegetation period (daily average temperature above +5 °C) lasts from the beginning of May until the end of September, the duration of which is approximately 175 days. • The annual average rainfall is 550–720 mm. Rainfall exceeds humidity loss due to evaporation. • The average relative humidity in Estonia is 80%. Mineral resources • The most important mineral resources of Estonia are oil shale, phosphorite, and peat. • Estonian oil shale is regarded as being of the world’s finest quality. Estonia’s oil shale resource coverage areas are in the northeast of the country, totaling approximately 6,000 km 2 . The largest single Estonian deposit contains nearly 8 billion tonnes of oil shale. Oil shale is primarily used as a fuel for power stations (80%) and as raw material for the oil shale chemical industry (20%). • Phosphorite resources, which are located in Under water 6% Land use 01.01.2001 Other land 17% Forest land 45% Arable land 25% Natural grassland 7% 5
Page 1 and 2: ESTONIAN AGRICULTURE, RURAL ECONOMY
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1. What Estonia is like 3
Page 5: 1. What Estonia is like Estonia is
Page 9 and 10: 2. Reforms have changed Estonian ag
Page 11 and 12: 2. rural inhabitants in agriculture
Page 13 and 14: 3. Trade is largest with European U
Page 15 and 16: 4. Economic results of agriculture
Page 17 and 18: 4. smaller enterprises (up to 40 ha
Page 19 and 20: 4. in ownership relations, a situat
Page 21 and 22: 5. Young people are interested in a
Page 23 and 24: 5. forestry, and processing of agri
Page 25 and 26: 6. Forests are an important natural
Page 27 and 28: 7. Fishing is an important industry
Page 29 and 30: 8. Food industry yields a quarter o
Page 31 and 32: 8. Concentration The concentration
Page 33 and 34: 9. Measures taken to assure food sa
Page 35 and 36: 10. Rural enterprise is developing
Page 37 and 38: 10. ments, development of alternati
Page 39 and 40: 11. Different landscape types have
Page 41 and 42: 11. tion areas. The areas belonging
Page 43 and 44: MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE STRUCTURE A

estonian agriculture, rural economy and food industry

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