Multi-component boron coatings on low carbon steel AISI 1018

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my advisors, Dr. Roland A. Levy and Dr. Roumiana S. Petrova, for providing me with most valuable and prodigious resources, guidance, opportunities, and heartfelt support all through my graduate education in both the master's and doctoral programs. Especially Dr. Roumiana S. Petrova, she has always been a source of encouragement and knowledge. Her perseverance, sincerity and hardworking qualities will always serve as an inspiration to me. I would like to thank Dr. Somenath Mitra, Dr. Joseph W. Bozzelli and Ms. Stacey C. Kerwien, who are kind for actively participating in my dissertation committee, providing help, support, constructive criticism and valuable suggestions through this dissertation. I also wish to thank the following people: Mr. Minh Tran for his help in characterizations, Dr. Zhonghou Cai for the great experiments at 2-ID-D beamline at Argonne National Laboratory, and Mr. Steve Zlatev for his help and financial support. Appreciation is also extended to all professors, graduate students and staff from both Physics Department and Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology. Finally, no words are enough to acknowledge the constant support, love and encouragement of my family. Thank you. Lastly, a special note of thanks goes to Dr. Pitipatana Sakarindr for his help during my entire study. viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Objectives 1 1.2 Background Information 2 2 BORONIZING 4 2.1 Objective 4 2.2 Overview of Boronizing 4 2.2.1 Boronizing of Ferrous Materials 6 2.2.2 Boronizing of Non-Ferrous Materials 8 2.3 Types of Boronizing Processes 9 2.3.1 Pack Boronizing 10 2.3.2 Paste Boronizing 11 2.3.3 Liquid Boronizing 11 2.3.4 Gas Boronizing 12 2.3.5 Plasma Boronizing 13 2.3.6 Fluidized Bed Boronizing 13 2.3.7 <strong>Multi</strong>-Component Boronizing 14 2.4 Characteristics and Properties of Boride Layer 16 2.4.1 Effects of Alloying Elements in Boronizing Processes 17 2.4.2 Characteristics and Properties of Boride Layer on Various Metals and Alloys 18 2.4.3 Properties of Boronized Steels 24 ix
Page 1 and 2: Copyright Warning & Restrictions Th
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT MULTI-COMPONENT BORON COAT
Page 5 and 6: MULTI-COMPONENT BORON COATINGS ON L
Page 7 and 8: APPROVAL PAGE MULTI-COMPONENT BORON
Page 9 and 10: Roumiana S. Petrova, Naruemon Suwat
Page 11: vii
Page 15 and 16: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapt
Page 17 and 18: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapt
Page 19 and 20: LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 The M
Page 21 and 22: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objectiv
Page 29 and 30: 3 borosiliconizing using bo
Page 31 and 32: 5 During boronizin
Page 33 and 34: 7 the FeB/Fe2B interface. Such crac
Page 35 and 36: 9 nickel metal do not show the stro
Page 37 and 38: 11 2.3.2 Paste Boronizing The paste
Page 39 and 40: 13 2.3.5 Plasma Boronizing The plas
Page 41 and 42: 15 Table 2.2 The Multi</str
Page 43 and 44: 17 Proportion of alloying elements,
Page 45 and 46: 19 when boronizing
Page 47 and 48: 21 in the process of powder pack <s
Page 49 and 50: 23 Torun [46] studied the b
Page 51 and 52: 25 10 3 Figure 2.4 The effect of st
Page 53 and 54: 27 • The surface hardness of <str
Page 55 and 56: 29 Figure 2.7 The hardness value fo
Page 57 and 58: 31 2.7 Research and Development on
Page 59 and 60: 33 Instead of toxic borane and <str
Page 61 and 62: 35 Tsipas et al. [76] utilized the
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37 Buijnsters et al. [85] investiga
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39 in terms of thickness and microh
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41 these boride layers reduced the
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43 The decorative boride co
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CHAPTER 3 MULTI-COMPONENT BORONIZIN
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47 3.2.2 Procedures of Boronizing H
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49 Specimen Sample Preparation proc
Page 77 and 78:
51 View direction through a microsc
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53 thicknesses was shown as a histo
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55 the test force, gf the length of
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57 3.3.4 Corrosion Resistance Testi
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59 2. Quantitative Phase Analysis Q
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61 B. The variance of the crystalli
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63 SDI Application software was use
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65 The Intensity /k can be refined
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67 The profile value: The weighted
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69 In Figure 4.1 b), the coating im
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71 4.1.2 Phase Identification The X
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73 Table 4.1 The Lattice Parameters
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75 4.1.4 Corrosion Resistance The c
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77 4.2 Boron- Chromium - Iron (B -
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83 4.2.4 Mierohardness In B-Cr-Fe s
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85 4.2.6 Oxidation Resistance The h
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Figure 4.13 The morphology images o
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 4.14 The XRD pattern (refine
Page 117 and 118:
91 Figure 4.15 The microdiffraction
Page 119 and 120:
93 4.3.5 Corrosion Resistance The c
Page 121 and 122:
95 4.4 Boron — Tungsten - Iron (B
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Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Figure 4.23 The mierofluoreseence o
Page 129 and 130:
103 4.4.5 Corrosion Resistance The
Page 131 and 132:
105 4.5 Boron — Niobium - Iron (B
Page 133 and 134:
107 4.5.2 Phase Identification The
Page 135 and 136:
109 Table 4.5 The Lattice Parameter
Page 137 and 138:
M 11 4.5.4 Microhardness In B-Nb-Fe
Page 139 and 140:
113 4.5.6 Oxidation Resistance The
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 4.34 The morphology images o
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Figure 4.35 The XRD pattern (refine
Page 145 and 146:
1119 Figure 4.36 The microdiffracti
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123 4.7 Boron — Titanium - Iron (
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131 4.8 Boron — Zirconium - Iron
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139 4.9 Boron — Hafnium - Iron (B
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g 145 4.9.5 Oxidation Resistance Th
Page 173 and 174:
147 5.1.1 Microstructure of B-Cr-Fe
Page 175 and 176:
149 As mention above, the coating t
Page 177 and 178:
151 Atomic size: 1.241A Crystal str
Page 179 and 180:
153 Coating thickne, (Mean): 84.24
Page 181 and 182:
155 Due to the atomic size, substit
Page 183 and 184:
157 5.3 Microhardness In bo
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159 5.4 Corrosion Resistance In thi
Page 187 and 188:
161 5.5 Oxidation Resistance In one
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Figure 5.7 The comparison of oxidat
Page 191 and 192:
165 For transition metals Group IVB
Page 193 and 194:
APPENDIX A PHASE DIAGRAMS The binar
Page 195 and 196:
Figure A.3 Phase diagrams in B-Mo-F
Page 197 and 198:
Figure A.5 Phase diagrams in B-Nb-F
Page 199 and 200:
Figure A.7 Phase diagrams in B-Ti-F
Page 201 and 202:
Figure A.9 Phase diagrams in B-Hf-F
Page 203 and 204:
177 Name and formula Reference code
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Name and formula Reference code: 04
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195 15. Selçuka, B., Tpekb, R., Ka
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197 41. Ueda, N., Mizukoshi, T., De
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199 67. Davis, J. A., Wilbur, P. J.
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201 90. Uzunov, N., Ivanov, R. (200
Page 229:
203 114. Jayaraman, S., Gerbi, J. E
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Multi-component boron coatings on low carbon steel AISI 1018

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