Multi-component boron coatings on low carbon steel AISI 1018

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ABSTRACT MULTI-COMPONENT BORON COATINGS ON LOW CARBON STEEL AISI 1018 by Naruemon Suwattananont Boronizing and metalizing are thermo-chemical surface hardening treatments in which <strong>boron</strong> and metal atoms diffuse into the metal substrate forming metallic boride layers, providing complex properties of B-Me-Fe system. To study multi-<strong>component</strong> <strong>boron</strong> <strong>coatings</strong> on low carbon steel AISI 1018, the simultaneous powder pack method of <strong>boron</strong>izing and metalizing was selected to perform the <strong>coatings</strong>. One B-Fe system and eight <strong>boron</strong>-metal (B-Me-Fe) systems from transition metals group IVB (Ti, Zr, Hf), group VB (Nb, Ta), and group VIB (Cr, Mo, W) were studied. The system specimens were thermo-chemically treated at 950°C for 4 hours in a crucible containing powder mixture of <strong>boron</strong> source, transition metal powder, and activator. After the heat treatment process, the multi-<strong>component</strong> <strong>boron</strong> <strong>coatings</strong> were characterized by using optical microscope, microhardness tester, TGA, XRD, and Synchrotron microdiffraction. The coating morphology was observed and the coating thickness was measured as well as the microhardness across the depth of coating. The corrosion resistance of the <strong>coatings</strong> was evaluated by the continuous weighting method. The high temperature oxidation was also detected by isothermal method at a temperature range of 400-800°C for 24 hours. The Rietveld refinement method was used to examine the quantitative phase analysis, crystalline size, microstrain and lattice parameters of the multi-<strong>component</strong> <strong>boron</strong> <strong>coatings</strong>.
Page 1: Copyright Warning & Restrictions Th
Page 5 and 6: MULTI-COMPONENT BORON COATINGS ON L
Page 7 and 8: APPROVAL PAGE MULTI-COMPONENT BORON
Page 9 and 10: Roumiana S. Petrova, Naruemon Suwat
Page 11 and 12: vii
Page 13 and 14: TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1 IN
Page 15 and 16: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapt
Page 17 and 18: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapt
Page 19 and 20: LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 The M
Page 21 and 22: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objectiv
Page 29 and 30: 3 borosiliconizing using bo
Page 31 and 32: 5 During boronizin
Page 33 and 34: 7 the FeB/Fe2B interface. Such crac
Page 35 and 36: 9 nickel metal do not show the stro
Page 37 and 38: 11 2.3.2 Paste Boronizing The paste
Page 39 and 40: 13 2.3.5 Plasma Boronizing The plas
Page 41 and 42: 15 Table 2.2 The Multi</str
Page 43 and 44: 17 Proportion of alloying elements,
Page 45 and 46: 19 when boronizing
Page 47 and 48: 21 in the process of powder pack <s
Page 49 and 50: 23 Torun [46] studied the b
Page 51 and 52: 25 10 3 Figure 2.4 The effect of st
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27 • The surface hardness of <str
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29 Figure 2.7 The hardness value fo
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31 2.7 Research and Development on
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33 Instead of toxic borane and <str
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35 Tsipas et al. [76] utilized the
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37 Buijnsters et al. [85] investiga
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39 in terms of thickness and microh
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41 these boride layers reduced the
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43 The decorative boride co
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CHAPTER 3 MULTI-COMPONENT BORONIZIN
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47 3.2.2 Procedures of Boronizing H
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49 Specimen Sample Preparation proc
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51 View direction through a microsc
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53 thicknesses was shown as a histo
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55 the test force, gf the length of
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57 3.3.4 Corrosion Resistance Testi
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59 2. Quantitative Phase Analysis Q
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61 B. The variance of the crystalli
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63 SDI Application software was use
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65 The Intensity /k can be refined
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67 The profile value: The weighted
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69 In Figure 4.1 b), the coating im
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71 4.1.2 Phase Identification The X
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73 Table 4.1 The Lattice Parameters
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75 4.1.4 Corrosion Resistance The c
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77 4.2 Boron- Chromium - Iron (B -
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83 4.2.4 Mierohardness In B-Cr-Fe s
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85 4.2.6 Oxidation Resistance The h
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Figure 4.13 The morphology images o
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Figure 4.14 The XRD pattern (refine
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91 Figure 4.15 The microdiffraction
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93 4.3.5 Corrosion Resistance The c
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95 4.4 Boron — Tungsten - Iron (B
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Figure 4.23 The mierofluoreseence o
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103 4.4.5 Corrosion Resistance The
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105 4.5 Boron — Niobium - Iron (B
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107 4.5.2 Phase Identification The
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109 Table 4.5 The Lattice Parameter
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M 11 4.5.4 Microhardness In B-Nb-Fe
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113 4.5.6 Oxidation Resistance The
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Figure 4.34 The morphology images o
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Figure 4.35 The XRD pattern (refine
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1119 Figure 4.36 The microdiffracti
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123 4.7 Boron — Titanium - Iron (
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131 4.8 Boron — Zirconium - Iron
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139 4.9 Boron — Hafnium - Iron (B
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g 145 4.9.5 Oxidation Resistance Th
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147 5.1.1 Microstructure of B-Cr-Fe
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149 As mention above, the coating t
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151 Atomic size: 1.241A Crystal str
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153 Coating thickne, (Mean): 84.24
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155 Due to the atomic size, substit
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157 5.3 Microhardness In bo
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159 5.4 Corrosion Resistance In thi
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161 5.5 Oxidation Resistance In one
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Figure 5.7 The comparison of oxidat
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165 For transition metals Group IVB
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APPENDIX A PHASE DIAGRAMS The binar
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Figure A.3 Phase diagrams in B-Mo-F
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Figure A.5 Phase diagrams in B-Nb-F
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Figure A.7 Phase diagrams in B-Ti-F
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Figure A.9 Phase diagrams in B-Hf-F
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177 Name and formula Reference code
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Name and formula Reference code: 04
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195 15. Selçuka, B., Tpekb, R., Ka
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197 41. Ueda, N., Mizukoshi, T., De
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199 67. Davis, J. A., Wilbur, P. J.
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201 90. Uzunov, N., Ivanov, R. (200
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203 114. Jayaraman, S., Gerbi, J. E
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Multi-component boron coatings on low carbon steel AISI 1018

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