Multi-component boron coatings on low carbon steel AISI 1018

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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Page 4.42 The XRD pattern (refined with the Rietveld Refinement) of the boride coating in the <strong>boron</strong>-titanium-iron (B-Ti-Fe) system 126 4.43 The plot between the microhardness and the depth from the surface of boride coating in the <strong>boron</strong>-titanium-iron (B-Ti-Fe) system 128 4.44 The corrosion resistance of boride coating in the <strong>boron</strong>-titanium-iron (B-Ti-Fe) system (in 0.5 M H2SO4) 129 4.45 The high temperature oxidation resistance of boride coating in the <strong>boron</strong>titanium-iron (B-Ti-Fe) system which coated on low carbon steel AISI 1018 substrate at a temperature range of 400 to 700 °C for 24 hours ... 130 4.46 The morphology images of boride coating (in the B-Zr-Fe system) on low carbon steel AISI 1018 a) under bright field, b) under differential interface contrast (DIC), and c) the distribution of coating thickness 132 4.47 The XRD pattern (refined with the Rietveld Refinement) of the boride coating in the <strong>boron</strong>-zirconium-iron (B-Zr-Fe) system 134 4.48 The plot between the microhardness and the depth from the surface of boride coating in the <strong>boron</strong>-zirconium-iron (B-Zr-Fe) system 136 4.49 The corrosion resistance of boride coating in the <strong>boron</strong>-zirconium-iron (B-Zr- Fe) system (in 0.5 M H2SO4) 137 4.50 The high temperature oxidation resistance of boride coating in the <strong>boron</strong>zirconium-iron (B-Zr-Fe) system which coated on low carbon steel AISI 1018 substrate at a temperature range of 400 to 700 °C for 24 hours 138 4.51 The morphology images of boride coating (in the B-Hf-Fe system) on low carbon steel AISI 1018 a) under bright field, b) under differential interface contrast (DIC), and c) the distribution of coating thickness 140 4.52 The XRD pattern (refined with the Rietveld Refinement) of the boride coating in the <strong>boron</strong>-hafnium-iron (B-Hf-Fe) system 142 4.53 The corrosion resistance of boride coating in the <strong>boron</strong>-hafnium-iron (B-Hf-Fe) system (in 0.5 M H2SO4) 144 xx
LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Page 4.54 The high temperature oxidation resistance of boride coating in the <strong>boron</strong>hafnium-iron (B-Hf-Fe) system which coated on low carbon steel AISI 1018 substrate at a temperature range of 400 to 700 °C for 24 hours 145 5.1 Atomic size, crystal structure, and diffusion coefficient of elements used in the <strong>boron</strong>izing process with respect to the periodic table 151 5.2 Solid solutions in multi-<strong>component</strong> <strong>boron</strong>izing 152 5.3 The comparison of microstructures of all nine experimental systems 153 5.4 The comparison of phase identification properties for all nine experimental systems 156 5.5 The comparison of microhardness of all nine experimental systems 158 5.6 The comparison of weight change per area (mg/mm2) against time (mins) of all testing systems due to corrosion .. 160 5.7 The comparison of oxidation resistance of multi-<strong>component</strong> <strong>boron</strong>izing at various temperatures between 400 to 800 °C 163 A.1 Phase diagram in B-Fe (Boron-Iron) system 167 A.2 Phase diagrams in B-Cr-Fe (Boron-Chromium-Iron) system 168 A.3 Phase diagrams in B-Mo-Fe (Boron-Molybdenum-Iron) system 169 A.4 Phase diagrams in B-W-Fe (Boron-Tungsten-Iron) system 170 A.5 Phase diagrams in B-Nb-Fe (Boron-Niobium-Iron) system 171 A.6 Phase diagrams in B-Ta-Fe (Boron-Tantalum-Iron) system 172 A.7 Phase diagrams in B-Ti-Fe (Boron-Titanium-Iron) system 173 A.8 Phase diagrams in B-Zr-Fe (Boron-Zirconium-Iron) system 174 A.9 Phase diagrams in B-Hf-Fe (Boron-Hafnium-Iron) system 175 xxi
Page 1 and 2: Copyright Warning & Restrictions Th
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT MULTI-COMPONENT BORON COAT
Page 5 and 6: MULTI-COMPONENT BORON COATINGS ON L
Page 7 and 8: APPROVAL PAGE MULTI-COMPONENT BORON
Page 9 and 10: Roumiana S. Petrova, Naruemon Suwat
Page 11 and 12: vii
Page 13 and 14: TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1 IN
Page 15 and 16: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapt
Page 17 and 18: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapt
Page 19 and 20: LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 The M
Page 21 and 22: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
Page 23: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objectiv
Page 29 and 30: 3 borosiliconizing using bo
Page 31 and 32: 5 During boronizin
Page 33 and 34: 7 the FeB/Fe2B interface. Such crac
Page 35 and 36: 9 nickel metal do not show the stro
Page 37 and 38: 11 2.3.2 Paste Boronizing The paste
Page 39 and 40: 13 2.3.5 Plasma Boronizing The plas
Page 41 and 42: 15 Table 2.2 The Multi</str
Page 43 and 44: 17 Proportion of alloying elements,
Page 45 and 46: 19 when boronizing
Page 47 and 48: 21 in the process of powder pack <s
Page 49 and 50: 23 Torun [46] studied the b
Page 51 and 52: 25 10 3 Figure 2.4 The effect of st
Page 53 and 54: 27 • The surface hardness of <str
Page 55 and 56: 29 Figure 2.7 The hardness value fo
Page 57 and 58: 31 2.7 Research and Development on
Page 59 and 60: 33 Instead of toxic borane and <str
Page 61 and 62: 35 Tsipas et al. [76] utilized the
Page 63 and 64: 37 Buijnsters et al. [85] investiga
Page 65 and 66: 39 in terms of thickness and microh
Page 67 and 68: 41 these boride layers reduced the
Page 69 and 70: 43 The decorative boride co
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 3 MULTI-COMPONENT BORONIZIN
Page 73 and 74: 47 3.2.2 Procedures of Boronizing H
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49 Specimen Sample Preparation proc
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51 View direction through a microsc
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53 thicknesses was shown as a histo
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55 the test force, gf the length of
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57 3.3.4 Corrosion Resistance Testi
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59 2. Quantitative Phase Analysis Q
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61 B. The variance of the crystalli
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63 SDI Application software was use
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65 The Intensity /k can be refined
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67 The profile value: The weighted
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69 In Figure 4.1 b), the coating im
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71 4.1.2 Phase Identification The X
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73 Table 4.1 The Lattice Parameters
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75 4.1.4 Corrosion Resistance The c
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77 4.2 Boron- Chromium - Iron (B -
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83 4.2.4 Mierohardness In B-Cr-Fe s
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85 4.2.6 Oxidation Resistance The h
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Figure 4.13 The morphology images o
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Figure 4.14 The XRD pattern (refine
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91 Figure 4.15 The microdiffraction
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93 4.3.5 Corrosion Resistance The c
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95 4.4 Boron — Tungsten - Iron (B
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Figure 4.23 The mierofluoreseence o
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103 4.4.5 Corrosion Resistance The
Page 131 and 132:
105 4.5 Boron — Niobium - Iron (B
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107 4.5.2 Phase Identification The
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109 Table 4.5 The Lattice Parameter
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M 11 4.5.4 Microhardness In B-Nb-Fe
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113 4.5.6 Oxidation Resistance The
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Figure 4.34 The morphology images o
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Figure 4.35 The XRD pattern (refine
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1119 Figure 4.36 The microdiffracti
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123 4.7 Boron — Titanium - Iron (
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131 4.8 Boron — Zirconium - Iron
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139 4.9 Boron — Hafnium - Iron (B
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g 145 4.9.5 Oxidation Resistance Th
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147 5.1.1 Microstructure of B-Cr-Fe
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149 As mention above, the coating t
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151 Atomic size: 1.241A Crystal str
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153 Coating thickne, (Mean): 84.24
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155 Due to the atomic size, substit
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157 5.3 Microhardness In bo
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159 5.4 Corrosion Resistance In thi
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161 5.5 Oxidation Resistance In one
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Figure 5.7 The comparison of oxidat
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165 For transition metals Group IVB
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APPENDIX A PHASE DIAGRAMS The binar
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Figure A.3 Phase diagrams in B-Mo-F
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Figure A.5 Phase diagrams in B-Nb-F
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Figure A.7 Phase diagrams in B-Ti-F
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Figure A.9 Phase diagrams in B-Hf-F
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177 Name and formula Reference code
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Name and formula Reference code: 04
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195 15. Selçuka, B., Tpekb, R., Ka
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197 41. Ueda, N., Mizukoshi, T., De
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199 67. Davis, J. A., Wilbur, P. J.
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201 90. Uzunov, N., Ivanov, R. (200
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203 114. Jayaraman, S., Gerbi, J. E
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Multi-component boron coatings on low carbon steel AISI 1018

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