Arctic plant ecology: From tundra to polar desert in Svalbard - Unis

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#Saxifraga nivalis L. *Saxifraga oppositifolia L. subsp. oppositifolia #Saxifraga platysepala (Trautv.) Tolm. Saxifraga tenuis (Wahlenb.) H.Sm. 2007/1/3; Lady Franklinfjorden; mesic heath; 8901644, 33X 0587985 #Cardamine bellidifolia L. subsp. bellidifolia #Draba micropetala Hook. *Luzula confusa Lindeb. #Papaver dahlianum Nordh. subsp. polare (Tolm.) Elven & Ö.Nilsson #Saxifraga cernua L. Saxifraga foliolosa R.Br. Saxifraga rivularis L. subsp. rivularis *Stellaria longipes Goldie s.l. 2107/1/3; Ossian Sarsfjellet; mesic heath; 8762902, 33X 0445660 Arenaria pseudofrigida (Ostenf. & Dahl) Juz. #Bistorta vivipara (L.) S.F.Gray Carex fuliginosa Schkuhr subsp. misandra (R.Br.) Nyman Carex nardina Fr. subsp. hepburnii (Boott) Á.Löve, D.Löve & B.M.Kapoor *Carex rupestris All. *Cassiope tetragona (L.) D.Don subsp. tetragona *Dryas octopetala L. #Luzula nivalis (Laest.) Spreng. *Salix polaris Wahlenb. Saxifraga cernua L. *Saxifraga oppositifolia L. subsp. oppositifolia *Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. Trisetum spicatum (L.) K.Richt. subsp. spicatum 2107/2/12; Ossian Sarsfjellet; birdcliff; 8763388, 33X 0445378 Arenaria pseudofrigida (Ostenf. & Dahl) Juz. *Bistorta vivipara (L.) S.F.Gray Carex maritima Gunn. coll. *Cerastium arcticum Lange coll. *Cerastium regelii Ostenf. Chrysosplenium tetrandrum (N.Lund) Th.Fr. Cochlearia groenlandica L. coll. *Comastoma tenellum (Rottb.) Toyok. Deschampsia alpina (L.) Roem & Schultes Draba arctica J.Vahl subsp. arctica #Draba glabella Pursh Draba norvegica Gunn. Dryas octopetala L. *Erigeron humilis R.C.Graham *Euphrasia wettsteinii G.Gussarova *Festuca rubra L. subsp. richardsonii (Hook.) Hultén Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill *Poa alpina L. var. vivipara L. *Poa arctica R.Br. 30
*Poa glauca J.Vahl. *Poa pratensis L. alpigena (Fr.) Hiit. *Potentilla hyparctica Malte subsp. hyparctica Potentilla pulchella R.Br. subsp. pulchella *Ranunculus affinis R.Br. *Salix polaris Wahlenb. *Saxifraga cernua L. #Saxifraga cespitosa L. subsp. cespitosa Saxifraga hieracifolia Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. subsp. hieracifolia Saxifraga oppositifolia L. subsp. oppositifolia #Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. Silene involucrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bocquet subsp. furcata (Raf.) V.V.Petrovsky & Elven Silene uralensis (Rupr.) Bocquet subsp. arctica (Th.Fr.) Bocquet *Stellaria longipes Goldie s.l. *Taraxacum brachyceras Dahlst. #Trisetum spicatum (L.) K.Richt. subsp. spicatum 2207/1/15; Colesdalen; mesic heath; 8670162, 33X 0502830 *Alopecusus borealis Trin. *Betula nana L. subsp. tundrarum (Perfil.) Á.Löve & D.Löve #Bistorta vivipara (L.) S.F.Gray Campanula rotundifolia L. subsp. gieseckiana (Vest) Mela & Cajander #Cardamine bellidifolia L. subsp. bellidifolia Cassiope tetragona (L.) D.Don subsp. tetragona *Cerastium arcticum Lange coll. *Cerastium arcticum x regelii *Dryas octopetala L. *Equisetum arvense L. subsp. alpestre (Wahlenb.) Schönswetter & Elven *Euphrasia wettsteinii G.Gussarova *Festuca rubra L. subsp. richardsonii (Hook.) Hultén *Hierochloe alpina (Sw.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. alpina Koeniga islandica L. *Luzula confusa Lindeb. Luzula nivalis (Laest.) Spreng. #Minuartia rubella (Wahlenb.) Hiern *Pedicularis hirsuta L. #Poa alpina L. var. vivipara L. *Poa arctica R.Br. *Salix polaris Wahlenb. #Saxifraga hieracifolia Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. subsp. hieracifolia Saxifraga svalbardensis Øvstedal *Stellaria longipes Goldie s.l. Trisetum spicatum (L.) K.Richt. subsp. spicatum *Vaccinium uliginosum L. subsp. microphyllum Lange 2207/1/6; Colesdalen; mire; 8670038, 33X 0502916 *Alopecusus borealis Trin. *Bistorta vivipara (L.) S.F.Gray *Cerastium arcticum x regelii 31
Page 1 and 2: Arctic plant ecology: From tundra t
Page 3 and 4: Arctic plant ecology: From tundra t
Page 5 and 6: localities in western and northern
Page 7 and 8: seamed to decrease from zone C to A
Page 9: Raup, H. M. 1965: The flowering pla
Page 12 and 13: them supporting his theory (e.g., H
Page 14 and 15: Site ID Table 1. Sites analysed in
Page 16 and 17: Table 2. Kendall’s τ correlation
Page 18 and 19: The RDA ordination (Fig. 4) showed
Page 20 and 21: al. (2007) found that at low temper
Page 22 and 23: Franzèn, D. & Molau, U. 1999: Vasc
Page 24 and 25: Tilman, D. 1982: Resource Competiti
Page 26 and 27: Juncus biglumis L. Luzula confusa L
Page 28 and 29: Puccinellia phryganodes (Trin.) Scr
Page 32 and 33: *Coptidium lapponicum (L.) Tzvelev
Page 34 and 35: esponse curve. With rising temperat
Page 36 and 37: N Biscayarhuken Florabukta Reinsdyr
Page 38 and 39: of cold summers can be terminal for
Page 40 and 41: Results Ecological amplitudes of va
Page 42 and 43: A potential substrate area could be
Page 44 and 45: no. of districts 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Page 46 and 47: tetragona, Erigeron humilis, Minuar
Page 48 and 49: with the species occurring on Svalb
Page 50 and 51: and substrate map show a clear occu
Page 52 and 53: Alsos, I. G. 2007: Frequent LongD
Page 54 and 55: Walker, M., Wahren, C., Hollister,
Page 56 and 57: northern hemisphere (Brochmann et a
Page 58 and 59: an enclave of bioclimatic zone C wi
Page 60 and 61: Table 3. Formulas of the different
Page 62 and 63: Figure 2. a: Cumulative number of s
Page 64 and 65: Figure 4. Presence and absence of a
Page 66 and 67: (2003), from which a highly signifi
Page 68 and 69: The intermediate stages seem to hav
Page 70 and 71: Svalbard in general. Moreover polyp
Page 72 and 73: Svoboda, J., Henry, G. H. R. 1987:
Page 74 and 75: limited by nutrient availability ra
Page 76 and 77: flower. Care was taken to measure o
Page 78 and 79: Biomass Biomass per unit land area
Page 80 and 81:
Luzula nivalis Juncus biglumis Drya
Page 82 and 83:
References Arft, A. M., Walker, M.
Page 84 and 85:
partly lose their high altitude/lat
Page 86 and 87:
preferably grow in rosettes, which
Page 88 and 89:
Forbs Graminoid Graminoids In grami
Page 90 and 91:
latitude plants on Svalbard to keep
Page 92 and 93:
Elvebakk A. 1999: Bioclimatic delim
Page 94 and 95:
a climate description see Rønning
Page 96 and 97:
Results and Discussion The minimum
Page 98 and 99:
Table 2. Ranking of examined plant
Page 100:
References Biebl, R. 1968: Über W
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Arctic plant ecology: From tundra to polar desert in Svalbard - Unis

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