arc-flash analysis of utility power systems - Michigan Technological ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 6:Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................... 39 6.1 Observations and Conclusions ............................................................... 39 6.2 Recommendations ................................................................................... 40 References .......................................................................................................... 42 Appendix A Procedure for Arc-Flash Analysis ............................................... 43 Appendix B Arc-Flash Analyzer Verification Tools ........................................ 45 B.1 Microsoft Excel Verification Tool ......................................................... 45 B.2 Microsoft Excel Verification Tool with Equations .............................. 46 B.3 MATLAB Verification Tool ................................................................... 47 B.3.1 MATLAB Program ....................................................................................................... 47 Appendix C Example System Data ................................................................... 57 C.1 System Online Diagram .......................................................................... 57 C.2 Generator Data ........................................................................................ 57 C.3 Load Data ................................................................................................ 58 C.4 Line Data .................................................................................................. 58 C.5 Relay Data ................................................................................................ 59 Appendix D Example System ASPEN® Output Data ..................................... 60 D.1 ASPEN® Results ..................................................................................... 60 D.2 PPE Levels Required .............................................................................. 65 Appendix E Discontinuity of Voltage Levels .................................................... 66 E.1 Voltage Level Test System ...................................................................... 66 E.2 ASPEN® Results System 1, 51 Contact ................................................ 66 E.3 ASPEN® Results System 1, 50 Contact ................................................ 67 E.4 ASPEN® Results System 2, 51 Contact ................................................ 68 E.5 ASPEN® Results Using 50 and 51 Contacts ......................................... 69 E.6 ASPEN® Results Systems 1 & 2 ............................................................ 70 Appendix F Energy Plot Data ........................................................................... 71 iv
List of Figures Figure 1.1: Lab demonstration of arc-flash explosion ................................................... 1 Figure 2.1: Vector diagram of arc drop as arc length is varied .................................... 8 Figure 3.1: ASPEN® with bus selected to run arc-flash calculator ............................ 18 Figure 3.2: ASPEN® arc-flash calculator displayed ................................................... 19 Figure 3.3: ASPEN® arc-flash hazard calculator user interface ................................ 20 Figure 4.1: Example system oneline diagram .............................................................. 23 Figure 4.2: Voltage level test systems .......................................................................... 25 Figure 4.6: Incident energy based on empirical equations only .................................. 29 Figure 4.7: Incident energy based on Lee equation only ............................................. 30 Figure 4.8: Incident energy following given bus voltage ............................................. 31 Figure 4.9: U.S. U2 inverse time overcurrent curves .................................................. 33 Figure 4.10: Energy through equipment as current increases ..................................... 34 Figure 4.11: Potential incident energy in equipment as current increases ................. 35 Figure B.1: MATLAB verification tool user interface .................................................. 47 Figure C.1: Example system oneline diagram ............................................................. 57 Figure E.1: Voltage level test systems .......................................................................... 66 v
Page 1 and 2: ARC-FLASH ANALYSIS OF UTILITY POWER
Page 3: Table of Contents Table of Contents
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 1: Introduction Electric ut
Page 11 and 12: 2, by using tables developed by the
Page 13 and 14: If the assessment reveals that the
Page 15 and 16: distance, I 2 t/d 3 , isn’t clear
Page 17 and 18: (subscript 1), one of moderate leng
Page 19 and 20: equations are used to calculate the
Page 21 and 22: By raising 10 to the power of l g E
Page 23 and 24: 3.3 National Electrical Safety Code
Page 25 and 26: Table 3.3: Live-line tool work PPE
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3.2: ASPEN® arc-flash calcu
Page 29 and 30: After the verification of the MATLA
Page 31 and 32: Figure 4.1: Example system oneline
Page 33 and 34: An evaluation of this condition was
Page 35 and 36: Figure 4.4: Incident energy using e
Page 37 and 38: Figure 4.6: Incident energy based o
Page 39 and 40: Figure 4.8: Incident energy followi
Page 41 and 42: Special consideration needs to be t
Page 43 and 44: Figure 4.11: Potential incident ene
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 5: Mitigation Methods and H
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommen
Page 49 and 50: • Perform a full system analysis
Page 51 and 52: Appendix A Procedure for Arc-Flash
Page 53 and 54: Appendix B Arc-Flash Analyzer Verif
Page 55 and 56:
elow System Voltage Fault Current A
Page 57 and 58:
% Update handles structure guidata(
Page 59 and 60:
% See ISPC and COMPUTER. if ispc se
Page 61 and 62:
else set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',
Page 63 and 64:
% str2double(get(hObject,'String'))
Page 65 and 66:
C.1 System Online Diagram Appendix
Page 67 and 68:
C.5 Relay Data Table C.4: Example s
Page 69 and 70:
Bus = Bus 3 138kV Equipment categor
Page 71 and 72:
Breaker interrupting time (cycles)
Page 73 and 74:
D.2 PPE Levels Required Substation
Page 75 and 76:
Breaker interrupting time (cycles)
Page 77 and 78:
Interrupting device = [OC relay] Sy
Page 79 and 80:
Appendix F Energy Plot Data Table F
Page 81 and 82:
87 0.090393103 0.36157241 0.9039310
Page 83 and 84:
2.722222222 45.4311525 181.7246 454
Page 85 and 86:
5.277777778 170.767831 683.0713 170
Page 87 and 88:
7.833333333 376.180721 1504.723 376
Page 89 and 90:
10.38888889 661.669821 2646.679 661
Page 91 and 92:
12.94444444 1027.23513 4108.941 102
Page 93 and 94:
2.138888889 12.2298446 48.91938 122
Page 95 and 96:
4.694444444 28.1962506 112.785 281.
Page 97 and 98:
7.25 44.7470866 178.9883 447.4709 9
Page 99 and 100:
9.805555556 61.6752248 246.7009 616
Page 101 and 102:
12.36111111 78.8850842 315.5403 788
show all

arc-flash analysis of utility power systems - Michigan Technological ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?