Organic Chemistry Semester 1 LABORATORY MANUAL - Moravian ...

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Part I. Introduction 8 Fall 2010 Laboratory Philosophy (See also Padías pp. vi & 1-4) Your organic chemistry laboratories, CHEM 211L and CHEM 212L are an integral part of the course. The laboratory is a “discovery” based experience. It will sometimes introduce you to new concepts and other time will expand on some of the concepts first developed in class. The laboratory will also introduce you to some of the research techniques that produce the data we discuss in class. You should consider the class and laboratory as two slightly different but equally important views of the area of science we call organic chemistry. The experiments in CHEM 211L are designed to model chemical research. Even if you do not end up in a research career, we would like you to leave this course with a feeling of the exploratory nature of scientific research. Much of the new material encountered in the CHEM 211 laboratory will be based on principles that you have encountered in your general chemistry courses. Whenever possible, the organic properties and processes being studied will be expressed in terms of concepts that are familiar to you from your earlier courses. Indeed, a feeling for the generality of the principles and techniques you will use and knowledge that they are not special cases, but are primary goals of all chemistry laboratory courses. In doing your experiments, keep in mind that it is frequently irrelevant that the material being studied is organic because the laboratory operations are often based on more general principles. At the same time, it is important that you become both familiar and comfortable with properties of compounds and elements of nomenclature that are specifically organic. Key "tools" that everyone should be able to use are the Merck Index and Table of Physical Properties of Organic Compounds that is located in Section C of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. These references are available in the laboratory. Another reference that contains considerable information about organic compounds is the Aldrich Chemical Co. Catalogue of Organic Chemicals; two copies are available in the laboratory and one copy is in the Chemistry Periodicals Room. SciFinder Scholar is an on-line search engine that is dedicated to searching chemical literature. You will be introduced to it as part of your Library Molecule Project this semester. Several Internet sites provide information on structures and properties of organic molecules. Some you might find useful are: The Chemical Database (University of Akron http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/erd/), The Chemical Synthesis Chemical Database (www.chemsynthesis.com/), the NIST Chemistry WebBook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/) or About.com:Chemistry (http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemicalstructures/a/structuresa.htm). Your work in CHEM 211L will involve collaboration with members of a “research group”. Although you will usually have individual tasks to perform and specific data to collect, your experimental design and data analysis will depend on data from all members of the class and be carried out in conjunction with your specific research group for the experiment. There will be a “Question of the Week” (QOW) for the lab periods each week; it will guide a pre-lab discussion of the goals and potential experimental approaches to attaining the goals necessary to answer the QOW. The pre-lab discussions for each experiment will be conducted during one of the four 8:55 AM class meetings before the start of each week’s lab work (See CHEM 211L Weekly Laboratory Schedule on pp. 3-7). So the laboratory work in CHEM 211L has the dual purpose of helping you to master certain laboratory techniques by using them to answer a question that will increase your understanding of fundamental chemical concepts. You will have considerable freedom in organizing your own work and thinking about additional questions that you would like to pursue in the laboratory. We hope that you enjoy the processes of discovery that will be open to you. Weekly Laboratory Routine Because of the exploratory nature of this laboratory, it is absolutely essential that you prepare for each experiment ahead of time. This is more important than in any of your previous laboratory courses. You have a limited amount of time in the laboratory each week to collect data, so you need to be ready to work when you arrive. The lab is designed to begin at 12:45 PM- Tu&Thurs, 1:15 PM-W-F and end at 3:45 PM-Tu&Thurs, 5:15 PM-W-F. You are expected to be able to complete your assigned work in that time period. Only with a general understanding of the concepts to be applied to a given problem will you be able to reach the goals of each experiment in the time provided. To help you prepare, there will be assigned pre-lab background reading, an electronic pre-lab assignment and a laboratory discussion
Fall 2010 9 Part I. Introduction period (See the CHEM 211L weekly schedule pp. 3-7). All of the assigned reading is to be done and the electronic pre-lab assignment submitted on the course Blackboard site before 7:00 PM on the day before the pre-lab discussion. At the end of each lab period your laboratory notebook and data binder will be collected, checked by your instructor and returned to you by the following morning. This check is designed to give you assistance in keeping appropriate laboratory records. The laboratory schedule (See CHEM 211L Weekly Schedule, pp. 3-7) should provide you with sufficient time to complete required work, so the deadlines for laboratory reports are firm. At first, while you are unfamiliar with the lab and you are learning many new techniques, things will go more slowly. Work at a pace that is comfortable for you, but keep an eye on the schedule. As the semester progresses your abilities will grow. You must learn how to perform the techniques correctly and efficiently. As you become familiar with the major techniques, you will be able to work faster. You will also be able to keep several different procedures going at once. You will learn when your data are good enough to support conclusions and when you need to repeat a procedure that did not yield data that are good enough to fulfill your needs. You will find that it is more efficient to work with care and produce good results than to rush through a procedure just to get it finished. Remember, the purpose of each experiment is to answer a specific question. Be sure to ask for help if things seem confusing. You are here to learn; we do not expect you to be able to do everything perfectly at once. Enjoy yourself as you learn. Administrative Details. Required Materials: (All available at the college bookstore) Lab Text: -Making the Connections: A How-To Guide for Organic Chemistry Lab Techniques; by Anne B Padías, Hayden McNeil 2007 (ISBN: 978-0-7380-1985-7 - paperback) (Padías) Lab Notebook: Must have a hard cover and be permanently bound (not spiral), must also fit in the inside pocket of your data binder. Data Binder: A three-ring loose-leaf binder (1.5-inch) with a hard cover and at least 9 tab dividers and an inside pocket that will accommodate your lab notebook. Grades: In general, satisfactory completion of all work, (prelab assignments, necessary lab work, laboratory notebook records, and laboratory reports) will earn a final grade of B for the lab. Higher grades will be given for demonstration of excellent understanding of the concepts, preparation for the lab periods, performance in the lab, neat and thorough lab notebook records, and well-written lab reports. Your grade for the laboratory portion of the course will be calculated as indicated below: • 30% The quality and completeness of the laboratory notebook and data binder • 30% The quality and completeness of the laboratory reports • 25% Performance in the laboratory • 10% Preparation for each laboratory period (Includes completion of electronic pre-lab assignments, contributions to pre-lab discussions and initial awareness of experiment requirements.) • 5% Attendance in the laboratory discussion (AM) and laboratory (PM) periods Lab Records Notebook This semester’s laboratory provides you with experiences that are designed to help you develop some general skills. Many of the things you will be doing for the first time in this particular way. It is very important that you keep accurate and orderly records of your activities so that you (and we) can understand what you have done after you have completed your work. All notebooks must be permanently bound record books (not spiral bound notebooks). Your records should be permanent with all entries made using black or blue non-erasable ink. These are the standards required in all scientific and medical work--in research, analysis, or clinic whether in corporations, academia, or private practice. (See pp. 15-17 for CHEM 211-212 notebook format.)
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Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents (continued) 2 PAR
Page 6 and 7: I. Introduction 4 Fall 2010 Assignm
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Page 14 and 15: Part II. Lab Rules and Regulations
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Page 18 and 19: III Laboratory Records & Report For
Page 24 and 25: Part V. Experiments 22 Fall 2010 Pa
Page 26 and 27: Part V. Experiments 24 Fall 2010 Ex
Page 28 and 29: Part V. Experiments 26 Fall 2010 H
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Part V. Techniques and Theory Appen
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Appendix
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Organic Chemistry Semester 1 LABORATORY MANUAL - Moravian ...

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