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outnumber neuter gender nouns. In particular, most new nouns that enter the Danish vocabulary from other languages seem to be assigned common gender: • en/den + computer, diskette, scanner, CD, DVD, menu, satellit, cola, burger, weekend • et/det + TV, link One additional difference between Danish and English should be noted: Whereas in English the marks definiteness for both singular and plural nouns (the boy, the boys), Danish marks definiteness in plural nouns differently from singular nouns. If the plural noun is premodified, the definite article is de. If there is no premodifier, definiteness is marked by the suffix, -ne, attached to the plural form of the noun: • de nye kjoler, de fleste skeer, de umalede døre, de dyre huse, de franske æbler • kjolerne, skeerne, dørene, husene, æblerne If the plural form of the noun does not end in a suffix, -ene is added to mark definiteness in the plural when no premodifier is present: • mand/mænd/mændene, gås/gæs/gæssene Note that the gender of the noun is irrelevant in the formation of definite constructions when the plural form of the noun is involved. VISL’s colon notation for the articles (whether definite or indefinite) is consistently D:art. page 44 John M. Dienhart
8.2. The preposition (VISL abbreviation: prp, VISL color: brown) Basic characteristics: The most common role of a preposition is to relate one “object” to another. Consider, for example, two concrete objects such as a ball and a table. Many prepositions can be used here. • The ball is under the table. • The ball is below the table. • The ball is beneath the table. • The ball is near the table. Other configurations would yield, for example: • ENGLISH: above, beside, on • DANISH: over, på, under Other objects and relationships extend the set of prepositions even further: • The handkerchief is in the drawer. • He threw the stone at the rabbit. • The squirrel ran around the tree. • Jill rolled down the hill. • The living room faced toward the south. • Alice went to Paris with her mother. At this point we already encounter an interesting and challenging linguistic issue - namely, the status of constructions such as: • ENGLISH: alongside, close to, in front of • DANISH: henne ved, neden under, nær ved, oven over, tæt ved, ved siden af Some grammarians simply treat such constructions as single units and classify them as COMPLEX PREPOSITIONS. But this can have page 45 John M. Dienhart
Page 1 and 2: A GENTLE INTRODUCTION TO THE WONDER
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS page Section 1: P
Page 5 and 6: Exercise 5a: Some short sentences f
Page 7 and 8: 5.1.1.4.1. The noun 5.1.1.4.2. The
Page 9 and 10: SECTION 1: Preliminaries 1.1. Intro
Page 11 and 12: Grammar is simplified by being codi
Page 13 and 14: still based on an education program
Page 15 and 16: John M. Dienhart was born in the Un
Page 17 and 18: Students in the standard Danish sec
Page 19 and 20: The course seeks to contribute to t
Page 21 and 22: What kind of grammar rules are we t
Page 23 and 24: This strikes me as quite a “wonde
Page 25 and 26: • But typically Danes tend to mak
Page 27 and 28: SECTION 4: About VISL This section
Page 29 and 30: In the VISL system, individual word
Page 31 and 32: Thus that the house needed new wind
Page 33 and 34: PUT IN TREE DIAGRAM Such a tree is
Page 35 and 36: EXERCISE 5a: Some short sentences f
Page 37 and 38: s: Danish English em: stx hf hhx ht
Page 39 and 40: Brief description: Language data: D
Page 41 and 42: • the “minor” word classes (a
Page 43: • an (before a vowel sound): an o
Page 47 and 48: Basic characteristics: Generally sp
Page 49 and 50: • neuter (neut): ENGLISH it, its
Page 51 and 52: GROUP A Independent personal pronou
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 9: The “major” word cla
Page 55 and 56: • ENGLISH: ow, ouch, oops, gosh,
Page 57 and 58: to distinguish such forms from ordi

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