Reproductive Ecology and Body Burden of Resident ... - The Love Lab

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Table 4. Comparisons of selected trace element concentrations measured in whole fish and estimated concentrations in their skinless fillets (values are minima-maxima for combined samples from oil platforms and natural areas) with toxicity criteria for fish and consumers of fish. Element Whole-fish concentrations (µg/g dry weight) Whole-fish concentrations (µg/g wet weight) Fish and wildlife toxicity threshold (µg/g wet weight, whole fish) Conversion factor (from whole fishto fillet) Estimated fillet concentrations (µg/g wet weight) USEPA risk-based consumption limit for human health (µg/g wet weight) Aluminum 0.50-700. 0.11-140. Arsenic 2.38-36.4 0.430-10.2 2.2-11.6 a 1.57X b 0.68-16. 0.088-5.6 c,d Barium 0.20-1000.
Conclusions and Recommendations Statistical comparisons indicated that most of 21 trace elements measured in samples of whole fishes from oil platforms were either similar to or lower than those from natural areas, suggesting that fishes contaminated by high concentrations of trace elements are unlikely to have originated from the platforms. In eight instances, significant interactions between the effects of HabType and TL suggested that elemental concentrations at oil platforms and natural areas varied with TL of the fish species. Although interactions were detected for rubidium, selenium, and tin in kelp rockfish, the concentrations of these elements did not differ significantly between oil platforms and natural areas over the TL range of sampled fish. For selenium, titanium, and vanadium in Pacific sanddab, small individuals exhibited significantly lower concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas, whereas large individuals exhibited higher concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas. On the other hand, for copper and tin in Pacific sanddab, small individuals did not exhibit measurable differences between oil platforms and natural areas, whereas large individuals exhibited either significantly higher concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas (copper) or significantly lower concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas (tin). For combined samples of fishes from both platforms and natural areas, the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and selenium equaled or exceeded literature-based toxicity thresholds of fish, wildlife, or both. However, we are not aware of studies that linked elevated concentrations of trace elements in fishes from the Southern California Bight to adverse effects in fish or fish-eating wildlife. The concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and tin in fishes from our study area were sufficiently elevated to possibly warrant restricted consumption by human consumers. Nevertheless, before management actions are contemplated, we strongly recommend additional study be conducted that includes chemical determinations of these trace elements in skinless fish fillets to verify crude estimates from whole-fish samples used in our study. Moreover, the follow-up study should specifically include measurements of inorganic arsenic and tributyltin, the chemical species targeted by risk-based consumption limits for humans. Acknowledgments We thank M. McCrea and M. Nishimoto for collecting fish samples from field sites and shipping the frozen samples to CERC, C. Emerson for assisting with the creation of data files and gathering literature and other technical references, B. Martin for assisting with the generation of maps and other figures and tables, and B. Martin and an anonymous reviewer for critiquing an early draft of this report. We especially thank the Minerals Management Service for funding this work through Interagency Agreement No. 0106RU39898. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 28
Page 1: Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Reg
Page 4 and 5: Disclaimer This report had been rev
Page 6 and 7: TECHNICAL SUMMARY Study Title: Repr
Page 8 and 9: interactions between total length (
Page 10 and 11: REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY AND BODY BURDE
Page 12 and 13: tometry. The determination of selen
Page 14 and 15: Task 3: A Histological Examination
Page 16 and 17: Task 1: Whole-body Concentrations o
Page 18 and 19: Study Area and Methods The study ar
Page 20 and 21: Sample Collection Fish species cons
Page 22 and 23: to confirm the calibration status o
Page 24 and 25: variation in elemental concentratio
Page 26 and 27: Table 2. Summary of fish vital stat
Page 28 and 29: Table 3. Variation in total length,
Page 30 and 31: Cadmium. Cadmium concentrations in
Page 32 and 33: Iron. Iron concentrations in the th
Page 34 and 35: Nickel. None of the three fish spec
Page 36 and 37: Strontium. None of the three fish s
Page 38 and 39: Vanadium. Kelp bass and kelp rockfi
Page 40 and 41: came from an oil platform (PL4, 3 o
Page 44 and 45: Literature Cited Allen, M.J., D.W.
Page 46 and 47: May, T.W., J.F. Fairchild, J.D. Pet
Page 48 and 49: Task 2: Otolith Elemental Signature
Page 50 and 51: sider the ecology of species of int
Page 52 and 53: Table 1. Characteristics of the 18
Page 54 and 55: an undetectable amount of an isotop
Page 56 and 57: Table 2. Two-way ANOVA comparing tr
Page 58 and 59: G 5.0 Kelp rockfish H 20 Platform N
Page 60 and 61: Table 4A. Correlations of predictor
Page 62 and 63: CDA generated a model discriminatin
Page 64 and 65: Pacific sanddab otolith elemental s
Page 66 and 67: A 0.034 Pacific Sanddab B 0.10 Plat
Page 68 and 69: Table 7. One-way ANOVA comparing tr
Page 70 and 71: Table 9A. Correlations of six predi
Page 72 and 73: Kelp rockfish Otolith (element/Ca (
Page 74 and 75: Discussion Results from univariate
Page 76 and 77: of non-drilling associated discharg
Page 78 and 79: ture and salinity on otolith elemen
Page 80 and 81: Miller, J. A and A. L. Shanks. 2004
Page 82 and 83: Appendix 2. Seawater element-to-cal
Page 84 and 85: Appendix 3. Seawater element-to-cal
Page 86 and 87: Task 3: A Histological Examination
Page 88 and 89: Table 1. Details of Pacific sanddab
Page 90 and 91: Figure 2. A) Ovary of Pacific sandd
Page 92 and 93:
Literature Cited Allen, M. J. 1982.
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