child pornography and sexual exploitation of children online

Table 1: COPINE scale (Taylor et al., 2001)
Level 1: Indicative.
Non-erotic and non-sexualized pictures
showing children in their underwear,
swimming costumes, etc. from either
commercial sources or family albums;
pictures of children playing in normal
settings, in which the context or organization
of pictures by the collector indicates
inappropriateness.
Level 2: Nudist.
Pictures of naked or semi-naked children
in appropriate nudist settings, and from
legitimate sources.
Level 3: Erotica.
Surreptitiously taken photographs of children
in play areas or other safe environments
showing either underwear or varying degrees
of nakedness.
Level 4: Posing.
Deliberately posed pictures of children
fully, partially clothed or naked (where the
amount, context and organization suggest
sexual interest).
Level 5: Erotic Posing.
Deliberately posed pictures of fully, partially
clothed or naked children in sexualized or
provocative poses.
Level 6: Explicit Erotic Posing.
Emphasizing genital areas where the child is
either naked, partially or fully clothed.
14|Child Pornography and Sexual Exploitation of Children Online