child pornography and sexual exploitation of children online

Table of Contents
Acknowledgments 3
Executive Summary 7
1. Introduction 6
2. Adult perpetrators of abuse 9
2.1 Child pornography and abusive images 9
2.2 Virtual child pornography 17
2.3 The Internet sex offender, the Internet sex exploiter and harms facilitated
by the new technologies 21
2.4 Who are these people? 27
2.5 Technologies used 31
2.6 The relationship between viewing and the commission of further
sexual offences against children 36
3. Child victims of abuse via the new technologies 39
3.1 Identification of the child victim in abusive images 39
3.2 The impact of Internet-related sexual abuse 43
3.2.1 Children made the subjects of abuse images 45
3.2.2 Working with children abused through abusive images on the Internet 50
3.3 Children persuaded and coerced into offline encounters leading to sexual abuse 53
4. Young people’s behaviour online 58
4.1 Accessing pornography online 58
4.2 Internet affordance 62
4.3 Staying safe on the Internet 65
4.4 Exploring new territories vs. unsafe practices 70
4.5 Young people’s sexually problematic behaviours and the new technologies 72
4.5.1 Sexual solicitation 72
4.5.2 Young people accessing child abuse images 73
5. Cultural and geographical diversity and the connection between
online exploitation and other forms of sexual exploitation of children 76
5.1 Cultural and geographical diversity 76
5.2 Internet child pornography and the law 82
6. Prevention and education 92
6.1 Youth, agency and education 92
6.1.1 Information materials 92
6.1.2 Online safety tools 93
6.1.3 Helplines 94
6.1.4 Education packages for use in school settings 94
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