Military Professionalism - United States Air Force Academy

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Involvement in politics Beckwith, David. Dangers of Military Entanglement in Partisan Politics. Strategy Research Project. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, 2009. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA500790 Since the creation of the all-volunteer military, the membership of the military has become more conservative. This has led to an overt affiliation with the Republican Party. As a profession that requires support from Congress and the American People and acts on the orders of the President, this affiliation may have adverse effects on the effectiveness of the U.S. military. The military needs to understand the cause of this underlying trend and determine if any action is required to try to change or mitigate this trend. Betros, Lance A. Political Partisanship and the Professional Military Ethic: the Case of the Officer Corps’ Affiliation with the Republican Party. Student Paper. Washington D.C.: National War College, May 4, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA432060 A recently survey on civil-military relations revealed that a large majority of military officers claim an affiliation with the Republican Party. The finding suggests that officers have violated their professional ethic by abandoning the tradition of political neutrality. This paper first examines the reasons for the Republican bias, which include the conservatism of the GOP vis-a-vis the Democratic Party and institutional changes within the military. Second, it assesses the effect of the Republican bias on officer professionalism. It argues that the officer corps' voting preference does not constitute partisan activity and is not, by itself, harmful to professionalism and civil-military relations. Gardner, John P. Potential Impacts of a Politicized U.S. Officer Corps. Strategy Research Project. Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA389074 Military officers give up their right to participate actively in partisan politics when they take their oath as an officer. This is stated in the Officer’s Guide. If officers continue to align with the Republican Party, then the credibility of the military will be called into question every time there is a Democratic president or when the Democrats control Congress. This will decrease the government’s trust in the military and has the potential to negatively affect the decision-making process concerning U.S. national security. 41
Meilinger, Phillip S. “Soldiers and Politics: Exposing Some Myths.” Parameters 40.2 (Summer 2010), 74-86. http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/Articles/2010summer/Meilinger.pdf “The record is clear: The US military was anything but politically neutral throughout much of its history; its leaders were not always willingly subordinate to civilian authority; and they did not often agree to an unwritten standard of behavior. Rather, there was in essence a “permeable membrane” between the military and political spheres that allowed men to pass back and forth between the two as it suited their purpose—and the purpose of the political parties and even the nation.” Millonig, William. The Impact of Religious and Political Affiliation on Strategic Military Decisions and Policy Recommendations. Strategy Research Project. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA449308 This paper analyzes the impact of a culturally homogeneous group on strategic decisionmaking and policy recommendations. The United States' military's organizational climate has shifted steadily to the right since the Vietnam War. Today's Armed Forces are increasingly identified with conservative Christian and Republican values. This change in group dynamics can inhibit the decision-making process by preventing a thorough review of relevant courses of action, in accordance with the Rational Decision Model. The nature of in-groups and their influence on the decision process can have a deleterious effect on sound decision making, even if only inadvertently. Today's conservative voice has a strong influence on national policy decisions. This makes it imperative that strategic leaders understand the culture shift in today's military, as well as how group dynamics can limit creativity and proper analysis of alternatives. The failure to do so can cause a divergence of opinion between military and civilian leaders and thereby widen the gap in civil military relations. Strong, Steven T. Politicians in the Ranks. Strategy Research Project. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, 2005. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA434870 This article walks through the various laws regulating the role that active duty and retired military officers can play in politics and recommends changes. 42
Page 1 and 2: Military Professionalism An Annotat
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS I. The Nature and
Page 5 and 6: THE NATURE AND THE ETHOS OF THE MIL
Page 7 and 8: which a strategic leader operates w
Page 9 and 10: Arms, bonded with comrades in a sha
Page 11 and 12: now be capable of conducting full s
Page 13 and 14: Fromm, Peter. “Warriors, the Army
Page 15 and 16: junior officers. Generals say that
Page 17 and 18: Messenger, Robert. “Theirs But To
Page 19 and 20: pursue the operational, watchstandi
Page 21 and 22: Newman, Richard J. “A General Sal
Page 23 and 24: Ridgway, M. B. “A Code of Loyalty
Page 25 and 26: Snider, Don M. Dissent and Strategi
Page 27 and 28: Taylor, Maxwell D. “A Professiona
Page 29 and 30: Wardynski, Casey, David S. Lyle, an
Page 31 and 32: ACTIVE DUTY OFFICERS ______________
Page 33 and 34: Owens, Mackubin Thomas. “The Fall
Page 35 and 36: Collins, Joseph J. “What Civil-Mi
Page 37 and 38: Halloran, Richard. “U.S. Military
Page 39 and 40: Owens, Mackubin Thomas. “Rumsfeld
Page 41: away the remarks attributed to him,
Page 45 and 46: Jehl, Douglas. “Bush Says He Disa
Page 47 and 48: Baron, Kevin. “‘Don’t Ask, Do
Page 49 and 50: Bumiller, Elisabeth. “General’s
Page 51 and 52: “Church Leaders on Gay Issue.”
Page 53 and 54: Files, John. “Gay Ex-Officers Say
Page 55 and 56: core values of leadership, professi
Page 57 and 58: and to declare the DADT statute, 10
Page 59 and 60: “Religious Leaders Divided Over G
Page 61 and 62: Schultz, Tammy S. “Why are the Ma
Page 63 and 64: Wood, David. “Military Officers C
Page 65 and 66: Owens, Mackubin Thomas. “Rumsfeld
Page 67 and 68: singularly. Forming a coalition of
Page 69 and 70: hierarchic, orderly, technical cult
Page 71 and 72: FOREIGN MILITARIES ________________
Page 73 and 74: Nankivell, Neville. “Depoliticizi
Page 75 and 76: potential power of state organized
Page 77 and 78: Lyall, Sarah. “European Court Tel
Page 79 and 80: don’t serve full careers. Stracha
Page 81 and 82: BOOKS _____________________________

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