Extragalactic abstracts - IRSA - California Institute of Technology

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Spitzer_Approved_Extragalactic Mar 25, 10 16:24 Page 55/742 Spitzer Space Telescope − Directors Discretionary Time Proposal #263 IRS DDT Spectra of LMC 2005 Principal Investigator: Charles Woodward Institution: Univ. Minnesota Technical Contact: Charles Woodward, Univ. Minnesota Science Category: local group galaxies Observing Modes: IrsStare Hours Approved: 1.5 Abstract: Infrared (IR) observations of galactic classical novae (CN) have established the ir importance for understanding the formation of astrophysical grains, and as contributors to abundance anomalies in the interstellar medium (ISM) on local scales. Studies of abundances in nova ejecta also provide information about nucleosynthesis in the white dwarf (WD) progenitor and in the thermonuclear runaway (TNR) during a nova explosion. However, the infrared study of novae in external galaxies, such as the Magellanic Clouds (MC), is an observational challenge. We propose to obtain DDT IRS observations of the newly discovered (2005 Nov. 26.164 UT, V = 12.6) LMC nova (Liller, IAUC 8635). This opportunity affords the first investigation of an extragalactic nova with Spitzer in a system with lower metallicity. The IRS 5 to 40 micron wavelength regime contains forbidden lines from heavy elements that are useful for excitation and abundance studies. Continuum emission and broad features at these wavelengths provide information about dust. The determination of the elemental abundances from a CN is of extreme importance in understanding the evolution of the nova explosion and chemical evolution of the ISM. Our proposed Spitzer (+IRS) DDT observations of nova LMC 2005, combined with complementary ground−based and spacecraft data (Swift) will enable determination of abundances in the ejecta in a Magellanic Cloud nova (lower metallicty system). Such determinations are rare for extragalactic events. Spitzer_Approved_Extragalactic Printed_by_SSC Mar 25, 10 16:24 Page 56/742 Spitzer Space Telescope − General Observer Proposal #30333 Dust Production in Local Group Dwarf Galaxies Principal Investigator: Albert Zijlstra Institution: University of Manchester Technical Contact: Greg Sloan, Cornell University Co−Investigators: Peter R. Wood, Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Aus Greg C. Sloan, Department of Astronomy, Cornell University Martin A.T. Groenewegen, Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven Jacco Th. van Loon, Astrophysics Group, School of Physical & Geographi Jeronimo Bernard−Salas, Department of Astronomy, Cornell University Joris A.D.L. Blommaert, Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven Maria−Rosa Cioni, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Daniel Devost, Department of Astronomy, Cornell University Michael W. Feast, Astronomy Department, University of Cape Town Harm Habing, Sterrewacht Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2 Sacha Hony, Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven Eric Lagadec, University of Manchester, School of Physics & Astr Cecile Loup, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris Mikako Matsuura, Department of Pure and Applied Physics, The Queen’ John W. Menzies, South African Astronomical Observatory L. B.F.M Waters, Astronomical Institute, University of Amsterdam Patricia A. Whitelock, South African Astronomical Observatory Science Category: local group galaxies Observing Modes: IrsStare Hours Approved: 33.2 Abstract: The superwind phase on the Asymptotic Giant Branch is a crucial ingredient of stellar and galactic evolution. The superwind ejecta are responsible for much of the interstellar hydrogen of evolved galaxies, and are a dominant contributor to the dust input into the ISM. The superwind determines the final mass of stellar remnants, and therefore affects, e.g., the type−I supernova rate. The characteristics of the superwind are still very poorly known, especially at non−solar metallicities. Spitzer has contributed a large and invaluable dataset on Magellanic Cloud stars, measuring dust, molecular bands and allowing accurate mass−loss measurements. We now propose to extend the (age, metallicity) parameter range by observing a number of other Milky Way satellites. The carbon stars in these galaxies trace an older population than the Magellanic Clouds, and extend to much lower metallicities. They are therefore crucial to allow us to extrapolate the Magellanic Cloud measurements to metal−poor environments. We propose to acquire low−resolution spectra of stars in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, Carina, Sculptor and Fornax. The selected stars range in metallicity from −0.55 to −2.0, and in age from 5−8 Gyr. Two low−metallicity planetary nebulae in these galaxies are also included. We will study the dust continuum, dust minerals (SiC, MgS) and gas−phase molecular bands (especially acetylene). Mass loss rates will be determined using our dust models, and we will measure the fractional abundances of amorphous carbon dust and SiC grains. Only Spitzer can provide these crucial measurements of extra−galactic AGB stars. The result will be our first knowledge of mass loss efficiency, dust formation, and dust abundances, at low to very low metallicities. These data are necessary to obtain reliable models of mass loss and of stellar evolution. Thursday March 25, 2010 xgal_covers.txt 28/371
Spitzer_Approved_Extragalactic Mar 25, 10 16:24 Page 57/742 Spitzer Space Telescope − General Observer Proposal #50534 Dust Production in Type II SNe Principal Investigator: Jennifer Andrews Institution: Louisiana State University Technical Contact: Jennifer Andrews, Louisiana State University Co−Investigators: Geoffrey Clayton, Louisiana State University Karl Gordon, STScI Ben Sugerman, Goucher College Doug Welch, McMaster University Margaret Meixner, STScI Mike Barlow, University College London Barbara Ercolano, Harvard Smithstonian Center for Astrophysics Science Category: nearby galaxies (z
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