Extragalactic abstracts - IRSA - California Institute of Technology

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Spitzer_Approved_Extragalactic Mar 25, 10 16:24 Page 683/742 Spitzer Space Telescope − General Observer Proposal #20000 Gotcha! Using Swift GRBs to Pinpoint the Highest Redshift Galaxies Principal Investigator: Edo Berger Institution: Carnegie Observatories Technical Contact: Ranga−Ram Chary, California Institute of Technology Co−Investigators: Lennox Cowie, U. Hawaii Ranga−Ram Chary, Spitzer Science Center Derek Fox, Caltech Shirnivas Kulkarni, Caltech Paul Price, U. Hawaii Joshua Rich, Australian National University Patrick McCarthy, Carnegie Institution of Washington Michael Rauch, Carnegie Institution of Washington Alicia Soderberg, Caltech Bradley Cenko, Caltech Michael Gladders, Carnegie Institution of Washington Kurt Adelberger, Carnegie Institution of Washington Amy Barger, U. Wisconson, Madison Brian Schmidt, Australian National University Bruce Peterson, Australian National University George Djorgovski, Caltech Science Category: GRBs Observing Modes: IracMap Hours Approved: 17.0 Abstract: While there is convincing evidence that the Universe was re−ionized between redshifts of 6.5 and 15, the role of galaxies in this process is still not understood. Several star−forming galaxies at z~6 have been identified in recent deep, narrow−field surveys, but the expensive observations along with cosmic variance and contamination make it difficult to assess their contribution to re−ionization. Moreover, the detection of galaxies at z>7 is exceedingly difficult even with the Hubble UDF or cluster lensing. Significant progress can be made using gamma−ray bursts (GRBs) localized with the now−operational Swift satellite, which is capable of detecting bursts out to z>10. GRBs have the advantage of being an uncontaminated signpost for star−formation, and their afterglows are sufficiently bright even at z>6 to allow photometric selection (via the Ly−alpha drop out technique) with 2−5 meter telescopes. Using our approved TOO programs at an extensive range of facilities (from 1−m robotic telescopes to Keck/Magellan), we can rapidly find afterglows at z>6 and easily distinguish them from dusty low redshift bursts. This approach is highly efficient compared to current techniques, especially at z>7. Here we request imaging with NICMOS (z>6), ACS (z~6), and Spitzer/IRAC to characterize the properties (SFR, age, morphology) of up to five galaxies located in this manner, and begin to address their role in re−ionization. These observations are requested as >2 month TOOs, allowing flexibility of scheduling and at the same time taking a unique and timely advantage of the exquisite performance of three of NASA’s premier missions. Spitzer_Approved_Extragalactic Printed_by_SSC Mar 25, 10 16:24 Page 684/742 Spitzer Space Telescope − General Observer Proposal #20419 Spitzer Observations of the Highest−Redshift Gamma−Ray Bursts Principal Investigator: Derek Fox Institution: Penn State University Technical Contact: Derek Fox, Penn State University Co−Investigators: Avishay Gal−Yam, California Institute of Technology Alicia Soderberg, California Institute of Technology Shri Kulkarni, California Institute of Technology Edo Berger, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi S. Brad Cenko, California Institute of Technology Dae−Sik Moon, California Institute of Technology Fiona Harrison, California Institute of Technology Dale Frail, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Steven Shectman, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Eric Persson, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Mark Phillips, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Miguel Roth, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Patrick McCarthy, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Michael Rauch, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Paul Price, University of Hawaii Brian Schmidt, Australia National University Hye−Sook Park, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Science Category: GRBs Observing Modes: IracMap Hours Approved: 38.9 Abstract: We propose to use the Spitzer Space Telescope to study the infrared (3.6 to 8.0 micron) afterglow emission of GRBs from the ‘‘dark ages’’ of the universe, z>6. Current theories of the early universe predict the first star formation activity at z~20, and since GRBs are associated with the deaths of massive stars they may be expected at this epoch as well, before the formation of the first quasars. Our candidate high−redshift afterglows will be identified in ground−based near−infrared imaging as fading sources with red J−Ks and H−Ks colors, J−Ks > H−Ks > 3.0 mag. For these bursts, 4−band IRAC imaging can provide the crucial additional color information that will distinguish afterglows at z>12.7 (H−band drop−outs) from those within high−extinction environments at z>6 (rest−frame E_(B−V)>0.8). We request time to carry out two high−impact Spitzer TOO campaigns during the cycle. The confirmation of even a single z>6 burst will have immediate implications for theories of the early universe, formation of the first nonlinear structures, the nature of the earliest stars, and cosmology. Thursday March 25, 2010 xgal_covers.txt 342/371
Spitzer_Approved_Extragalactic Mar 25, 10 16:24 Page 685/742 Spitzer Space Telescope − General Observer Proposal #3592 Spitzer Observations of the Highest−Redshift Gamma−Ray Bursts Principal Investigator: Derek Fox Institution: Penn State University Technical Contact: Derek Fox, Penn State University Co−Investigators: Avishay Gal−Yam, California Institute of Technology Alicia Soderberg, California Institute of Technology Shri Kulkarni, California Institute of Technology Edo Berger, California Institute of Technology Brad Cenko, California Institute of Technology Dae−Sik Moon, California Institute of Technology Sarah Yost, California Institute of Technology Fiona Harrison, California Institute of Technology Dale Frail, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Mario Hamuy, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Steve Shectman, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Eric Persson, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Mark Phillips, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Miguel Roth, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Patrick McCarthy, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Michael Rauch, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washi Science Category: GRBs Observing Modes: Hours Approved: 23.4 Abstract: We propose to use the Spitzer Space Telescope to study the infrared (3.6 to 8.0 micron) afterglow emission of GRBs from the ’dark ages’ of the universe, z>6. Current theories of the early universe predict the first star formation activity at z~20, and since GRBs are associated with the deaths of massive stars they may be expected at this epoch as well, before the formation of the first quasars. Our candidate high−redshift afterglows will be identified in ground−based near−infrared imaging as objects with red J−K and H−K colors, J−K > H−K > 3.0 mag. For these bursts, 4−band IRAC imaging can provide the crucial additional color information that will distinguish afterglows at z>13 (H−band drop−outs) from those within high−extinction environments at z>6 (rest−frame E_B−V>0.8). We request time to carry out two high−impact Spitzer TOO campaigns during the cycle. The confirmation of even a single z>6 burst will have immediate implications for theories of the early universe, formation of the first nonlinear structures, the nature of the earliest stars, and cosmology. Spitzer_Approved_Extragalactic Printed_by_SSC Mar 25, 10 16:24 Page 686/742 Spitzer Space Telescope − General Observer Proposal #3730 Isolating GRB Supernovae Principal Investigator: Andrew Fruchter Institution: Space Telescope Science Institute Technical Contact: Andrew Fruchter, Space Telescope Science Institute Co−Investigators: David Bersier, Space Telescope Science Institute Jose Maria Castro Ceron, Space Telescope Science Institute Javier Gorosabel, Space Telescope Science Institute Andrew Levan, University of Leicester Peter Nugent, LBNL James Rhoads, Space Telescope Science Institute Nial Tanvir, University of Hertferdshire Steve Thorsett, University of California, Santa Cruz Science Category: GRBs Observing Modes: Hours Approved: 40.5 Abstract: It is now thought likely that most, if not all, long−duration gamma−ray bursts (GRBs) harbor a supernova under their bright multi−wavelength afterglows. The supernovae, like the afterglows, however, can vary substantially in brightness, and in most cases are largely overwhelmed by the synchrotron radiation from the GRB fireball. Here we propose to observe nearby (z < 0.4) GRBs at one, two and three weeks after burst in the rest frame using IRAC. In the 3 −− 8 micron region of the spectrum the power−law afterglow of the GRB will be essentially uncontaminated by the supernova, permitting an accurate measurment of the magitude and spectral−slope of the afterglow. Late−time observations in the same spectral range will permit us to remove any effect of the host galaxy, as well as any confusing backround, from the early−time measurments. These observations will allow a relatively clean subtraction of the afterglow from the total light of the GRB, dramatically increasing the contrast between the afterglow and the supernova, and allowing a study of the physical properties of the progenitors of these most extraordinary bursts. Thursday March 25, 2010 xgal_covers.txt 343/371
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Extragalactic abstracts - IRSA - California Institute of Technology

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