ANNUAL REPORT_2008.pdf - Rural Water Supply and Sanitation ...

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Health, Hygiene and sanitation E xperience reveals that demand driven approaches to participatory decision making, in which communities are empowered to manage and maintain their own water supply and sanitation facilities, lead to more sustainable delivery of services and improved health outcomes. Health, Hygiene and Sanitation (HHS) programs that adopt these approaches have been more successful than those that rely on oneway dissemination of information. HHS activities that operate independently of water supply and sanitation projects are moreover less effective in bringing about behaviour change and improved hygiene conditions. Integrating health, hygiene and sanitation programs with water supply is a vital part of Nepal’s Rural Water Supply and Sanitation projects. Health, Hygiene and Sanitation activity is one of the major components of the project to promote health and improve the quality of life among rural communities by provision of safe drinking water and sanitation services. Under this the Board had a target to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding health and sanitation issues among the community people including all ethnic groups irrespective of their education level. The Immediate Community Development Activity Impact study (Batch - V, 2008) states that the water and sanitation scheme of the Board has been successful in reducing waterborne diseases like diarrhoea, dysentery, jaundice, typhoid, eye infection, worm infection, etc. The level of knowledge of the beneficiaries regarding the major causes of diarrhea has been improved considerably. Personal hygiene practices have also been improved with increase in the practice of washing clothes and bathing. Likewise, the practice of washing hands before cooking, serving food, eating and after defecation has also seen considerable changes among the beneficiaries. A significant increase has also been observed in the construction of a number of permanent water sealed latrines in the scheme areas along with the practice of defecation in latrines. The Board’s interventions have been able to bring about changes in the domestic hygienic practices of the beneficiaries. The report has also stated that positive changes have been observed in the form of managing household waste properly. There has been an increase in the practice of disposing waste in the pit after the intervention. There is a significant effect on peoples’ perception on health, hygiene and sanitation especially among women groups. Community Health, Hygiene and Sanitation The Board raises awareness and motivates communities to practise total sanitation with elimination of open defecation and unhygienic behavior. The educational program emphasizes personal, domestic, and environmental sanitation. Under school sanitation, the Board has focused on child-to-child and child-to-community learning approach. The sanitation education program targeted at school children puts emphasis on hand washing practices with soap at critical junctures such as before eating, after defecation, after cleaning child’s bottoms and before child feeding. The school sanitation program makes sure that for girls there is a separate toilet and urinal with adequate provision of water. Village Health Promoters (VHPs) are appointed by the community and trained on health, hygiene and sanitation 15 · RWSSFDB Annual Report 2008
promotion activities. They do advocacy and promotion of latrines and environmental sanitation, raise awareness and motivate communities to practice total sanitation by eliminating open defecation and unhygienic behavior. Besides this, the VHPs motivate the community to build household latrines and domestic waste disposal pits to improve the sanitary condition of the surrounding areas. Around 4,797 HHSE sessions (2993 in 2008) are conducted for different Mother- Child Tap Stand Groups (MCTGs) as per the guidelines provided in the Board’s HSE Manual. MCTGs with the support of VHP/CW and following the VHP/HSE Manual conduct Healthy Home Surveys at least two times in each Development and Implementation Phases to assess health situation and to make suggestions for further improvement. Table 8: MCTG, VMW and VHP by Batch/Year Batch Year No. of Schemes No. of MCT Group No. of VHP Selected No. of Female VHP HSE Session Conducted Up to 2007 2008 Up to 2007 2008 Up to 2007 2008 Up to 2007 2008 Batch-VII 416 3648 10 400 10 400 2112 Batch-VI 387 3347 387 387 670 881 Batch-V 315 5414 325 325 1134 Total 1118 8761 3648 722 400 722 400 1804 2993 Altogether 12,409 MCT groups (3648 in 2008) and 1,122 VHPs (400 in 2008) involved in various schemes till Batch VII is presented in Table 8. Around 467 sanitation campaigns in the scheme areas have been completed. Similarly, around 25 thousand HHs are able to prepare super flour and 28,776 HHs are able to prepare ORS in the scheme areas. Moreover, 31,345 HHs are using domestic waste disposal pits in the scheme areas. Community Latrine Promotion Table 9: Household Latrines by Batch Activities: Latrine Promotion Activity includes the construction and use of clean latrine in the household through utilization of Sanitation Revolving Loan Fund (SRLF) and self-help latrine promotion in the community. Institutional latrines and urinals at schools are also promoted in this subactivity. CWs and VHPs with the help of HSE and VHP Manuals and leaflets (IEC materials) create awareness on the importance of latrines and impact of their use on health, hygiene and sanitation. This process is done both in Development and Implementation Phases to promote the practice of latrine construction and its use. Following are the two ways adopted for the promotion of household latrines: Latrine Construction through the Utilization of Sanitation Revolving Loan Fund (SRLF) Latrine Construction through Self-help Batch Schemes Total HHS HHs with Latrine (Baseline) Remaining HHs HHs Latrine Built Using SRLF HHs Built Latrine Self-Help Total HHs Latrines No % Batch-VII in 2008 416 50956 6115 44841 7005 7844 14849 33 Batch-V & VI Up to 2007 702 88738 12451 76287 17105 31135 48240 63 Total 1118 139694 18565.72 121128.28 24110 38979 63089 52 The Board provides Sanitation Revolving Loan Fund (SRLF) as grant money to the community to construct latrines at the rate of NRs. 2000 per household for 25% of the households having no latrines. However, the community provides this money as a loan to the households on priority basis. The WSUC/Community develops their own modality to mobilize the 16 · RWSSFDB Annual Report 2008
Page 1 and 2: 1 · RWSSFDB Annual Report 2008
Page 3 and 4: Contents Few Words About RWSSFDB 1
Page 5 and 6: Board’s Working Modalities and Gu
Page 7 and 8: Program Coverage The Board projects
Page 9 and 10: Community Organization and Mobiliza
Page 11 and 12: More than 44 thousand community peo
Page 13 and 14: Software Cost vs Hardware Cost Batc
Page 15 and 16: Environment Management Plan and Wat
Page 17: Micro-Irrigation The Board has ende
Page 21 and 22: Poverty Reduction Through Women Tec
Page 23 and 24: Human Resource Development T he Boa
Page 25 and 26: A survey of 820 schemes out of the
Page 27 and 28: testing and mitigation, (vi) arseni
Page 29 and 30: Piloting Jagaran Karyakram in the P
Page 31 and 32: The GoN has approved the budget amo
Page 33 and 34: Abbreviations ADDCN Association of

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