Section 1.1 Section 1.2 Section 1.3 - The Student Room

SECTION 12
Section 12.4
1 a Product: Cl
2 a CH 3
b
Cl
CHClCH 2 Cl
b Reagents and conditions: Br 2
; AlBr 3
or Fe; reflux
c Product: NO 2
CH 3
d Reactant:
3 a Difference in electronegativity between I and Cl
b
I
+ I Cl
+ HCl
e Product:
H 3 C
CH 3
CH
CH 3
c As the molecule is permanently polarised, a catalyst is
not needed.
d– d+
Cl—I
d Formation of chlorobenzene requires a chlorine with a
d+ charge.
4 a NO 2
f Product:
O
C CH 2 CH 3
g Reagents and conditions: CH 3
COCl; AlCl 3
; reflux
h Product: SO 2 OH
b
+ HNO 3
c. H 2 SO 4
< 55 ∞C
+ H 2 O
SO 2 OH
+ H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O
5 a The benzene ring is resistant to hydrogenation
because this destroys the stable delocalised electron
system. The reaction has a high activation enthalpy.
6 a Electrophilic substitution
b Electrophilic addition
c Radical substitution
d Radical addition
Section 13.1
1 a trichloromethane
b 2-chloropropane
c 1,1,1,–trichloro–2,2,2–trifluoroethane
d 2–chloro–1,1,1–trifluoropropane
e 2,2–dibromo–3–chlorobutane
2 d
Cl
F
4 a
H
b
H Cl
C C Cl
H Cl
F F H
H C C C H
e
F
Cl
F
F F H
c Cl H H Br H
H C C C C C H
Br
Br
3 a CH 3
CH 2
CH 2
Cl(l) + NaOH(aq)
Æ CH 3
CH 2
CH 2
OH(aq) + NaCl(aq)
b The chlorine atom in 1-chloropropane has been
replaced by a hydroxyl group, –OH.
c XX
–
H
X O X
XX
5 a D
bA
cA
dE
e
Cl
H
OH
H
H
H
cyclohexanol
195