Section 1.1 Section 1.2 Section 1.3 - The Student Room

SECTION 13
Section 13.2
1 a pentan-1-ol e 2-methylbutan-2-ol
b heptan-3-ol
f ethoxypropane
c butane-2,3-diol g decanol
d cyclohexanol
2 O
methoxybutane
O
ethoxypropane
Some students may give this isomer:
O
ethoxy-2-propane
3 a Hydrogen bonding between ethanol and water
molecules (see Chemical Ideas, page 306). As the
hydrocarbon chain becomes longer, the importance of
the –OH group relative to that of the alkyl group
becomes less and hexanol is unable to mix with water.
b No hydrogen bonding occurs.
4 a B D F
bA
cC
dE
eAand B; C and F
f A
gE
5 a Ethanol has hydrogen bonds between molecules, ethane
does not. Hydrogen bonds require more energy to be
broken than the weak attractive forces between ethane
molecules, so boiling point of ethanol is higher.
b Water forms more hydrogen bonds than ethanol so its
boiling point is higher.
c Both have –OH group and form hydrogen bonds
between molecules. Boiling point increases down a
homologous series as M r
increases. Hence butan-1-ol
has a higher boiling point than ethanol.
d Butan-1-ol forms hydrogen bonds, ethoxyethane does
not. Hence boiling point of butan-1-ol is higher.
Section 13.3
O
CH 3
CH 2
1 a methanoic acid
d
b pentanoic acid
CH
c 2-methylbutanoic acid
3 CH 2 C
CH 3 CH 2 C
CH 3
2 a butanoic acid
O
b octanoic acid
CH 3 CH 2 C
c pentanedioic acid
O
d benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
e O
O
3 a H H H H H
O
C CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C
H C C C C C C
Cl
Cl
H H H H H O H
b O H H H H
O
5
O
C C C C C C
C
propyl ethanoate
H O
O
H H H H O H
CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
c O O H
O
C
H C
butyl methanoate
O CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
O
C
O
O
H
CH 3 CH 2 C
ethyl propanoate
O CH 2 CH 3
O CH 3
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C
methyl butanoate
4 a
O
CH 3 CH 2 C
O
O CH 3
b Cl O
C
Student may also draw isomers with branched chains,
for example
O
CH 3
C
2-propyl ethanoate
c
O
O CH CH 3
NH 2
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