Section 1.1 Section 1.2 Section 1.3 - The Student Room

SECTION 14
5 a i Reagents and condition: treat with a nitrating
mixture (conc. HNO 3
and conc. H 2
SO 4
); keep
temperature below 55 °C.
ii Product: Br
iv
H
C
O
OH
+ CH 3
OH
Br
iii Reactant: CH 3
Cl (or CH 4
)
iv Reactant: CH 3
–CH 2
–CH 2
–X
(X = Cl, Br, I)
v Products:
O
O
HO C
C OH
vi Products:
O
CH 2 CH 2
+ HCl
CH 3
+ 2HCl
v
H
H
H
O
C
+ H 2 O
O CH 3
H
C C + H 2 CH 3 CH 3
H
b
6 a i
b
C
CH
i Electrophilic substitution
ii Electrophilic addition
iii Radical substitution
iv Nucleophilic substitution
v Nucleophilic substitution
vi Electrophilic substitution
ii
iii
iv
v
COO – Na +
CH 2 CH 3
+ H 2 O
CH 3 COO – Na + + NH 2
+ H 2 O
CH 3 CH 2 OH
i Acid–base
ii Hydrolysis
iii Dehydration
iv Esterification
v Reduction
+ 3H 2
Pt
c Examples may be:
i CH 3 COOH + NaOH
ii
iii
CH 3
C NH CH 3
O
Al 2 O 3
CH 3 CH 2 OH CH 2 CH 2 + H 2 O
+
CH 3 COO – Na + + CH 3 NH 2
CH 3 COO – Na + + H 2 O
NaOH
7 a React with hydrogen in presence of finely divided
nickel at 150 °C and 5 atm.
CH 3 CH 2 CH CH CH 2 COOH + H 2
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH
b Treat with a solution of HBr in a polar solvent at
room temperature.
CH 3 CH 2 CH CH CH 2 COOH HBr
Br
CH 3 CH 2 CH CH 2
(+ isomer)
Br
CH 2
+
CH 3 CH 2 CH CH 2 CH 2 COOH
(prepared as in b)
OH
CH 3 CH 2 CH
Then acidify with dilute acid.
OH
OH
COOH
c Hydrolyse by refluxing with a dilute aqueous solution
of NaOH.
2NaOH
CH 2 CH COO – Na + 2
+ NaBr + H 2 O
CH 3 CH 2 CH CH 2 CH 2 COO – Na + + HCl
CH3 CH 2 CH CH 2 CH 2 COOH + NaCl
+
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