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dietary management Healthy Diet For Hypothyroidism Dr. K. Shanmugam Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by abnormally low thyroid hormone production. There are many disorders that result in hypothyroidism. These disorders may directly or indirectly involve the thyroid gland. Because thyroid hormone affects growth, development, and many cellular processes, inadequate thyroid hormone has widespread consequences to the body. Hypothyroidism is a very common condition. It is estimated that 3 percent to 5 percent of the population has some form of hypothyroidism. The condition is more common in women than in men, and its incidence increases with age. obvious as the condition worsens and the majority of these complaints are related to a metabolic slowing of the body. Common symptoms are listed below: l Fatigue There are some of the common causes of hypothyroidism in adults. It includes, 1. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (autoimmune disease) 2. Lymphocytic thyroiditis (which may occur after hyperthyroidism) 3. Thyroid destruction (from radioactive iodine or surgery) l l l l l l l Depression Modest weight gain Cold intolerance Excessive sleepiness Dry, coarse hair Constipation Dry skin 4. Pituitary or hypothalamic disease 5. Medications (hyperthyroidism & psychiatric medication) 6. Severe iodine deficiency Symptoms The symptoms of hypothyroidism are often subtle. Patients with mild hypothyroidism may have no signs or symptoms. The symptoms generally become more 20 l l l l l Muscle cramps Increased cholesterol levels Decreased concentration Vague aches and pains Swelling of the legs Diagnosis A diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be suspected in patients with fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, dry and flaky skin. A blood test is needed Nisargopachar Varta : January 2013
dietary management to confirm the diagnosis. When hypothyroidism is present, the blood levels of thyroid hormones can be measured directly and are usually decreased. However, in early hypothyroidism, the level of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) may be normal. Therefore, the main tool for the detection of hypothyroidism is the measurement of the TSH, the thyroid stimulating hormone. TSH is secreted by the pituitary gland. If a decrease of thyroid hormone occurs, the pituitary gland reacts by producing more TSH and the blood TSH level increases in an attempt to encourage thyroid hormone production. Thus, the measurement of TSH should be elevated in cases of hypothyroidism. Dietary Management A healthy diet is critical for proper thyroid function. The thyroid hormones are important in metabolism, and a deficiency may lead to weight gain. The following foods are improving the function of thyroid gland in order to secrete the thyroid hormones. Iodine Iodine is an essential trace mineral crucial in the functioning of the thyroid gland, an organ that stores the minerals needed for the synthesis of our thyroid hormones. It is important to get adequate amounts of iodine in your diet to ensure the proper functioning of this vital gland which controls much of our metabolism, detoxification, growth and development. Research has shown that a lack of iodine foods in your diet may lead to enlargement of the thyroid gland, lethargy, fatigue, weakness of the immune system, slow metabolism, autism, weight gain and possibly even mental states such as anxiety and depression. The RDA for iodine is 150mcgs daily for everybody over the age of 14. The RDA for children Aged 1 – 8 is 90 / mcg, everyday, Aged 9 – 13 is 120 / mcg, every day. If you are pregnant or breast feeding, it is recommended that you get 290 mcg every day. The following foods are the richest source of iodine; Cranberries: This antioxidant rich fruit is another great source of iodine. About 4 ounces of cranberries contain approximately 400/mcg of iodine. Organic Yogurt: A natural probiotic, yogurt is an excellent iodine food. 1 cup contains approximately 90 / mcg of iodine. Organic Navy Beans: Many beans are a great food source of iodine, but navy beans may top the list. Just ½ cups of these beans contain about 32/mcg of iodine. Organic Strawberries: 1 cup of fresh strawberries has approximately 13/mcg of iodine. Himalayan crystal salt: This form of salt is also known as gray salt. It is an excellent source of naturally occurring iodine. Just I gm of Himalayan salt contains approximately 500/mcg of iodine. Dairy products: Milk & cheese are good sources of iodine, with one cup of milk holding around 55/mcg. Potatoes: It is one of the richest sources of iodine in the vegetables. With the skin, one medium sized baked potato holds 60/mcg of iodine. Selenium (Se) Selenium is another indispensable element to healthy thyroid function. The selenium-based proteins and enzymes help to regulate thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism; convert T4 into the more accessible form of thyroid hormone, T3; and maintain just the right amount of thyroid hormones in the blood and tissues, including the liver, kidneys and thyroid gland, as well as the brain. Seleniumcontaining enzymes also function in a protective “detox” capacity, preserving the integrity of the thyroid gland when we’re under all kinds of stress — oxidative, chemical, even social stress! The foods like Brazil nuts, Pomegranate, Sunflower seeds, Green beans, Peas, Almonds, Whole grains such as wheat and oats are the good source of selenium. Nisargopachar Varta : January 2013 21
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