A land manager's guide to conserving habitat for forest birds in ...

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Why are woodpeckers so important? Insects help create snag and cavity trees Wood boring beetle Fungus contribute to wood decay — creates snags and cavity trees Snag — Photo: Teresa Piraino Woodpecker beaks help spread fungus Conks — Photo: Lucas Foerster Nest Woodpeckers create nest cavities which provide homes for other species Hairy Woodpecker — Photo: G.K. Peck Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Eastern Screech Owl Nest/den Flying squirrel Raccoon Escape/shelter Woodpecker nesting cavities — Photo: OMNR Nest Great Crested Flycatcher — Photo: Daniel Cadieux All photos Robert McCaw except the ones noted. 58 Harvesting Effects on Birds
Cedar Waxwings Mourning cloak butterfly Woodpeckers create feeding cavities (i.e., sapwells) that provide food for other species Photo: Lucas Foerster Ruby-throated Hummingbird Red squirrel Woodpeckers, like the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, are believed to operate as keystone species. The very presence of these species contributes to a diversity of life. Keystone species help to support the entire community of which they are a part. Loss of a keystone species would consequently lead to the extinction of other forms of life that depend on the resources or structures they create or maintain. “When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world.” John Muir Harvesting Effects on Birds 59
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Ministry of Natural Resources A lan
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A land manager’s guide to conserv
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Male Scarlet Tananger — Photo: Je
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Photo: Algonquin Museum INTRODUCTIO
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Southern Ontario has a landscape ty
Page 11 and 12: Gray tree frog — Photo: Scott Gil
Page 13 and 14: Researcher removing bird from net
Page 15 and 16: Sugar maples — Photo: Robert McCa
Page 17 and 18: of other wildlife including America
Page 19 and 20: Male Chestnut-sided Warbler — Pho
Page 21 and 22: Female American Redstart — Photo:
Page 23 and 24: Male Black-throated Blue Warbler
Page 25 and 26: Male American Redstart — Photo: G
Page 27 and 28: Artwork: Peter Burke Forest Birds i
Page 29 and 30: Flock of Brown-headed Cowbirds —
Page 31 and 32: Photo: Scott Gillingwater Source an
Page 33 and 34: Imagery produced by the Provincial
Page 35 and 36: destroy nests, and lawns that provi
Page 37 and 38: Northern Cardinal — Photo: Daniel
Page 39 and 40: Photo: Larry Watkins FOREST HARVEST
Page 41 and 42: Tree species Additional Carolinian
Page 43 and 44: Photo: Lucas Foerster normally perf
Page 45 and 46: Logging damage — Photo: Lucas Foe
Page 47 and 48: This table illustrates the structur
Page 49 and 50: Conifer plantation — Photo: Ken E
Page 51 and 52: Silvicultural system or method Clea
Page 53 and 54: Female Pileated Woodpecker —Photo
Page 55 and 56: Hairy Woodpecker Northern Flicker P
Page 57 and 58: Louisiana Warbler Mourning Warbler
Page 59 and 60: Elderberry — Photo: Robert McCaw
Page 61: Male Northern Flicker in cavity wit
Page 65 and 66: Photo: Doug Tozer GUIDELINES FOR FO
Page 67 and 68: Barred Owl — Photo: Dan Kaiser Ol
Page 69 and 70: Redwoods —Photo: Jarrid Spicer so
Page 71 and 72: Photo: Lucas Foerster 6. Retain cav
Page 73 and 74: Types of Cavity Trees escape or roo
Page 75 and 76: 9. Limit timing of harvesting activ
Page 77 and 78: Blackberry — Photo: Robert McCaw
Page 79 and 80: that are similar to the historic va
Page 81 and 82: Great Crested Flycatcher — Photo:
Page 83 and 84: hazards, harvest during winter on f
Page 85 and 86: potential. In these cases, the mana
Page 87 and 88: Male Blue-winged Warbler — Photo:
Page 89 and 90: Trembling aspen — Photo: Robert M
Page 91 and 92: M. C. Brittingham and S. A. Temple.
Page 93 and 94: Glossary of Terms abiotic — non-l
Page 95 and 96: conk — hard bracket or shelf fung
Page 97 and 98: ground cover — the layer of veget
Page 99 and 100: nurse crop — any tree, shrub, or
Page 101 and 102: site preparation — chemical (e.g.
Page 103 and 104: Chestnut-sided Warbler — Photo: B
Page 105 and 106: Diet The Ruffed Grouse diet is comp
Page 107 and 108: Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes er
Page 109 and 110: Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicu
Page 111 and 112: Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus
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Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pilea
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Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax viresc
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Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus 19 m
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Black-capped Chickadee Poecile atri
Page 121 and 122:
Brown Creeper Certhia americana The
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Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina Di
Page 125 and 126:
Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis
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Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chr
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Cerulean Warbler Dendroica cerulea
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Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla In Ont
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Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina Fem
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Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardin
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Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea Fem
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List of Photographers Al Woodliffe
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