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Page 20. Crude dumping is the only way of treatment municipal solid waste in this city.That means no any pre-treatment of waste or no leachate controI system on itslandfill place.. Jingshan is relatively rich area in China, so municipality can finance or partlyfinance to build and flin the waste treatment plant.Therefore, the subjective and objective conditions to search the proper solution forJingshan municipal solid waste management is basically mature. In the followingcharters, the proper sustainable approach, especially technical solutions will bediscovered and analyzed.7. ANALYSES AND RESULTSWaste managementplays an increasingly important role in the overall debate on theprotection of our environment and the rationaI lise of raw materials. This has becomequite c1ear in the recent years, when the waste problem has received public attention atall leveIs. In China, municipal solid waste management is currently a growingnational problem without a good solution. In this charter, one of municipal solidwaste technical approaches which are suitable for Jingshan's realistic conditions hasbeen analyzed and compared from the different aspects of inc1uding experiences fromleading industri al countries, system analysis, economic analyses, environmentalanalyses, and social psychology on different technical approaches. Finally, thecomprehensive analyses have been applied in order to find realistic solution formunicipal solid waste management in Jingshan.7.1 Experiences from Leading Industrial CountriesIn order to learn the state of international development on municipal solid wastemanagement, the reference studies specifically on US and Sweden have been doneduring the writing of this thesis. The solution for municipal solid waste experiencedby national environmental authority of these two countries is briefly conc1uded in thenext few paragraphs.7.1.1 Experiences from USEPAThe results of studies ofUSEPA (D. S. Environmental Protection Agency) shows thaithere are below c1asses of integrated municipal solid waste management(USEPA,1995):
Page 21....Source reduction tops the classes because of its potential to reduce system costs,prevent pollution, reduce consumption ofresources and increase efficiency.Recycling and composting is the second step in the classes. It involves collectingmaterials, reprocessing/re-manufacturing, and using the resulting products. Withinthe composting approaches, USEP A places mixed municipal solid wastecomposting at the bottom. Source-separated composting is highly appreciated,especially over the long-term.Waste combustion and landfill are at the bottom of the classes. USEP A does notrank Olle of these options higher than the other, as both are viable components ofan integrated system.Sanitary Landfill is necessary to manage non-recyclable and non-combustiblewastes, and is the only actual waste "disposal" method.7.1.2 Experiences from SNEPBIn order to investigate appropriate treatment methods, the SWEPB (Swedish NationalEnvironmental Protection Board), performed a study of technology, economic andenvironmental impact of various treatment methods. Tyrens Infrakonsult AB reportedin the report of municipal solid waste management project of Grand Abu Dhabi Citythat these investigations demonstrated that a combination of different treatmentmethods was required.During the study visiting to Municipal Solid Waste Department of KristianstadMunicipality, it could be concluded that their municipal solid waste management is agood combination. The organic waste in this area is collected separatelyand thentreated in Kristianstad Biogas Plant for producing biogas and compost. Thecombustible was te is taken to Malmö Incineration Waste Treatment Plant. The restwaste is carried to Kristianstad landfill or Hässleholm landfill. This was due to thefact that there was no single treatment method that prov ed suitable for all waste. Itwas further determined that sorting by machine alone did not provide sufficiently pureseparation for subsequent treatment methods.Interest in waste disposal handling and its environmental aspects has grown, whichhas given waste issues more attention in the environmental debate. The strategy thathas emerged during the 1990's is a closed loop, i.e. recycling/reuse combined withvarious treatment methods.Through the leaming of the experiences of same leading industri al countries, the briefconclusions can be drawn out: source reduction and sorting at source are the mostimportant issue and should be ranked on the top levelon municipal solid wastemanagement. No single method can be used to cover the all municipal solid waste.Although source reduction, reuse, recycling, incinerating, and composting can divertlarge portions of municipal solid waste from disposal, same waste still must be placed
Page 1: MASTER THE SISof Lund UniversityInt
Page 4 and 5: Page 27.1.2 Experiencesfrom SNEPB 2
Page 6 and 7: Page 4The comprehensive result of a
Page 9 and 10: Page 7. describe the general situat
Page 11 and 12: Page 9International Institute for I
Page 13 and 14: Page 115. OVERVIEW OF MUNICIPAL WAS
Page 15 and 16: Page 13Table 1. MunicipalSolid Wast
Page 17 and 18: Page 155.5.1 Landfi/lingHistoricall
Page 19 and 20: Page 176.2 The Characteristics of M
Page 21: Page 19In Jingshan, there are a tot
Page 25 and 26: Page 23airpollution& globewarmmg++a
Page 27 and 28: Page 25urban population &economic g
Page 29 and 30: Page 27solid waste generated, inves
Page 31 and 32: Page 29selling electricity, biogas
Page 33 and 34: Page 31polyvinylchloride (PVC). The
Page 35 and 36: Page 33Table 3. The Credits of Diff
Page 37 and 38: Page 35carried to the corresponding
Page 39 and 40: Page 37Specific containers for diff
Page 41 and 42: Page 39rest of sewerage water, whic
Page 43 and 44: Page 41Household hazardous waste -
Page 45 and 46: Page 43J. Paul Henderson & Terrill

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