a case study of municipal solid waste management in the ... - lumes

Page 24loss of potential nutrition, and the loss of potential economic value from nutrition andfourth one consisting of urban population & economic growth, municipal solid wastegenerated, crude dumping, the loss of potential nutrition and water pollution both arebalancing loops and decrease the urban population and economic growth.Biogas will be generated in the natural decomposing of waste. CH4 is the maincomponent of biogas and also is a very good energy source. This has been lost and itspotential economic value as weIl. CH4 leaked into air, contributes to globe warmingbecause it is one of greenhouse gases. So, the both left hand first loop (among urbanpopulation & economic growth, municipal solid waste generated, crude dumping, theloss of potential energy, and the loss of potential economic value from energy) andleft hand second one (among urban population & economic growth, municipal solidwaste generated, crude dumping, the loss of potential energy, and air pollution &globe warming) are also balancing loops and are not good for the growth of urbanpopulation and economy.In short, the whole six loops in the crude dumping process are completed balancingloops. Therefore, there is no any positive effect from the total aspects discussed. Therelevant environmental problems, such as water pollution, air pollution and loss ofarable land are obvious. Although, there is no cost on dumping except on collectionand transportation waste, the potential nutrition and energy and their economic valuesare unfortunately not considered.7.2.2 Sanitary LandfillSanitary landfill is one of four possible approaches and is shown in as a causal loopdiagram in below Figure 7.