a case study of municipal solid waste management in the ... - lumes

Page 28difference between the two sanitary landfill parts in this composting & landfillapproach and the previous incinerating & landfill approach. Further, investments ofsanitary landfill in these two approaches are actually different due to different sharesbetween organic waste and combustible waste in municipal solid waste. In cage ofJingshan's municipal solid waste, the portion of organic waste in total waste is greaterthan combustible waste's. The loss of potential energy and its potential economicvalue is only partly avoided because some combustible waste can not be reused toproduce electricity as in incinerating process.As shown in the right hand part of loop, the benefits both ITom energy and nutritionrecoveries could be gained in this approach. There are a total four reinforcing loopswithin the right hand part have been described as folIows:. the first reinforcing loop consists of urban population & economic growth,municipal solid waste generat ed, investment of sorting, organic waste, biogas &compost, and economic benefits ITom selling biogas. the second reinforcing loop consists of urban population & economic growth,municipal solid waste generated, investment of sorting, organic waste, biogas &compost, and economic benefits ITom selling compost. the third reinforcing loop consists of urban population & economic growth,investment of biogas plant, biogas & compost, and economic benefits ITom sellingcompost. the fourth reinforcing loop consists of urban population & economic growth,investment of biogas plant, biogas & compost, and economic benefits ITom sellingcomposting biogas7.2.5 Incinerating, Compos ting & LandfiIIThis approach is reorganized by combining incinerating & landfill and composting &landfill. Hence no causal loop diagram is shown again. In the composting & landfilldiagram, inorganic waste contains the combustible waste such as paper, textile, plasticand so on. The combustible waste could be sorted out for incineration, and the rest ofit goes to landfill. In this approach, there are two kinds of sorting costs, Olle fororganic waste sorting, another for combustible waste sorting. Only the real waste isrut in the landfill after recyclables have separated aiready. Hence waste reduction issignificant comparing to the other approaches.7.2.6 Summary of Discussion of ApproachesFrom the system analysis perspective, crude dumping is ranked on the bortom of allmunicipal solid waste methods which are discussed in this thesis because of the allloops are balancing and with the negative effects on the development of urban andeconomy. So, crude dumping should not be in lise continuously.The four approaches can be considered. The combination of incinerating, composting& landfill approach is a best approach because it will gain economic benefitsITom