Technology and the Canadian Forest-Product Industries ... - ArtSites

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The 1980s: A Window of Opportunity? 100Getting R&D out of the Lab and into Production 102Toward Flexibility and Value Maximization inForest-Product Manufacturing 103Technology Strategies 105Enriching the R&D System 107The Role of In-House R&D by Forest-Product Firms 109The Role of the Cooperative Laboratories 111In-House R&D by Equipment Suppliers 115Promoting In-House R&D in the Forest-Product Industries 118List of TablesTable 1.1: Production and Export Levels of the PrincipalCanadian Forest-Product Commodities, 1971and 198119Table 1.2: Percentage Canadian Forest-Product Exports byProduct and Destination, and Total Value by Product, 1951and 1978 19Table 1.3: Degree of Foreign Control of the CanadianForest-Product Industries, 197920Table 2.1: Total In-House R&D Expenditures, by Industry 28Table 2.2: Employment Levels in In-House R&D by NineCanadian Forest-Product Firms, 1980-1984 32Table 2.3: Employment Levels in In-House R&D by 10 CanadianForest-Product Firms, 1981 and 1984 32Table 2.4: R&D Employment in Canadian Forest-Product Firms,by Major Activity, 1980 and 1983 338
Table 2.5: R&D Employment in 10 Canadian Forest-ProductFirms by Major Activity, 1984 33Table 2.6: Budget and Employment Levels in Three CooperativeLaboratories, 1979 and 1984 37Table 2.7: R&D Budget and Employment Levels amongSampled Equipment Suppliers40Table 3.1: Selected Characteristics of "Important"In-House Technological Developments since 1970by Six Forest-Product Firms 51Table 3.2: Summary Characteristics of "Important"In-House Technological Developments since 1970by Forest-Product Firms 52Table 3.3: Selected Characteristics of the Most Recent In-HouseInnovation for the Forest Industry by Equipment Suppliers 54Table 3.4: Products and Processes Developed by Paprican to23 February 1984 58 & 59Table 3.5: Stages in the Development of Selected Technologiesby Paprican 60Table 3.6: Papritection: Summary of Development 61Table 4.1: Share of Forest Sector Professional R&D Employmentin Canada and the United States in Relation to Their Share ofPopulation, Forest-Product Employment, and the Wood Harvest 69Table 4.2: Canada's Share of Forest-Product R&D inNorth America: Location Quotients 70Table 4.3: Perceptions of Forest-Product Firms about theInnovativeness of Equipment Suppliers Located in Canadaand Elsewhere76Table 4.4: Relative Importance of Liaisons between CorporateR&D Laboratories and Selected External Organizations 779
Page 3 and 4: Science Council of Canada100 Metcal
Page 5 and 6: ContentsForewordAcknowledgments1113
Page 7: In-House R&D by Equipment Suppliers
Page 11 and 12: ForewordTechnological innovation an
Page 14 and 15: adapted sufficiently rapidly to the
Page 16 and 17: Finally, the author interviewed sen
Page 18 and 19: Table 1.3: Degree of Foreign Contro
Page 20 and 21: Figure 1.1: Innovation Patterns and
Page 22 and 23: Since 1945 the pace of technologica
Page 24 and 25: Toward Reliance on Research rather
Page 26 and 27: science occurred between 1900 and 1
Page 28 and 29: Forestry Sector R&D SystemIn Canada
Page 30 and 31: up its forestry research group at N
Page 32 and 33: and one other that was strongly ori
Page 34 and 35: closely involved in the establishme
Page 36 and 37: to vet and control research priorit
Page 38 and 39: In-House R&D by Equipment Suppliers
Page 40 and 41: product. One, by no means atypical,
Page 42 and 43: only internal source of dissolving
Page 44 and 45: of which only 18 per cent came from
Page 46 and 47: New information can be generated by
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 3The R&D System andHow It W
Page 50 and 51: Table 3.2: Summary Characteristics
Page 52 and 53: Sixteen firms provided details on s
Page 54 and 55: The Opco Process: A Case Study of I
Page 56 and 57: however, within the last two decade
Page 58 and 59:
in 1959, and a full-scale experimen
Page 60 and 61:
Papritection was developed as follo
Page 62 and 63:
Further tests were conducted in 198
Page 64 and 65:
fully automatic machines, and its s
Page 66 and 67:
Chapter 4Technological Capability a
Page 68 and 69:
Table 4.2 provides measurements of
Page 70 and 71:
forest-product equipment patents, w
Page 72 and 73:
Foreign-Ownership and In-House R&DT
Page 74 and 75:
Technological Liaisons: Forest-Prod
Page 76 and 77:
for this deficiency the federal gov
Page 78 and 79:
On the other hand, three of the lea
Page 80 and 81:
one of Sweden's forest-products gia
Page 82 and 83:
Capital Investments in the Canadian
Page 84 and 85:
and Quebec accounted for 33.9 per c
Page 86 and 87:
Table 5.5: Canadian Forest-Product
Page 88 and 89:
Scandinavian manufacturers are in t
Page 90 and 91:
was implemented smoothly and manage
Page 92 and 93:
the foundations were poured, until
Page 94 and 95:
inherent capabilities were never fu
Page 96 and 97:
especially in the east, has receive
Page 98 and 99:
"export staples mentality." The bel
Page 100 and 101:
size of the conglomerates would cer
Page 102 and 103:
the concept of flexibility explicit
Page 104 and 105:
This author therefore recommends th
Page 106 and 107:
with respect to technology transfer
Page 108 and 109:
of the R&D system and influence the
Page 110 and 111:
operations, attitudes toward innova
Page 112 and 113:
limited R&D base, but they do empha
Page 114 and 115:
The small size and non-innovative n
Page 116 and 117:
Promoting In-House R&D in the Fores
Page 118 and 119:
Notes1. The Technological Challenge
Page 120 and 121:
7. For example, nj. Daly, "Weak Lin
Page 122 and 123:
7. P.G. Mellgren and E. Heidersdorf
Page 124 and 125:
this R&D facility has become even s
Page 126 and 127:
3. K. Noble, "Forest Industry Urged
Page 128 and 129:
Publications of the ScienceCouncil
Page 130 and 131:
Reports on Matters Referred by the
Page 132 and 133:
No. 40. Government Regulation of th
Page 134 and 135:
1981An Engineer's View of Science E
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