4 | INTRODUCTION |IntroductionWhether you’re a visitor to London or alifelong resident in the capital, <strong>Chelsea</strong>has something to offer. With grandbuildings, a fascinating history and someof the best shops, sights and restaurants,there’s always something to discover.In this guide, we look at <strong>Chelsea</strong>’sevolution, from early settlements to thebustling centre of culture and retail wesee today. We meet some of its mostsignificant figures and explain how thefocus shifted away from the River Thamesand towards the Kings Road. We tell itsstory, from Henry VIII and Sir ThomasMore to the Swinging Sixties to life in<strong>Chelsea</strong> today. And we get top tips andfavourite places from locals who know thearea inside-out – our <strong>Insider</strong>s.<strong>Chelsea</strong> is still evolving today. And so,while we never intended to make thisguide comprehensive – indeed, it’simpossible to do so when writing aboutbusy, living, thriving place because itdoesn’t stand still – we hope that it willgive you an insight into how you couldspend your time and enjoy the best ofwhat <strong>Chelsea</strong> has to offer.Explore the past and present with ourwalking guide, sample a restaurant, listento some live music or find a hidden gemthat only people who really know the areawould be able to tell you about.That’s what this guide is about. We hopeyou find it useful and that it helps youdiscover the secrets and successes ofthis wonderful place for yourself.
5 | HISTORY | A short history of <strong>Chelsea</strong>A short history of <strong>Chelsea</strong>HistorySloane SquareA powerful pastFrom humble origins as a tiny Thamessidefishing village, <strong>Chelsea</strong> grew to bea religious centre, an artistic hotspot,and a favourite of the wealthy. Wereveal the area’s fascinating history,from the Romans to Roman Abramovich<strong>Chelsea</strong> has had a rich and interestinghistory, and this is a brief overview ofhow it developed into today’s wealthy,bustling area. For more information onspecific streets, places and people, seeStreets and SightsEarly historyThere is some limited archaeologicalevidence of prehistoric activity in<strong>Chelsea</strong>. Flint and pottery fragmentshave been unearthed near <strong>Chelsea</strong>Common and <strong>Chelsea</strong> Old Church.A Neolithic flint sickle, an oak club or‘beater’ dated to 3540-3360 BC, andpart of a human skull were all found onthe Thames foreshore.‘<strong>Chelsea</strong> Man’, as the prehistoricowner of the skull fragment is nowknown, died between 1750-1610 BCand had been subjected to trepanation,a surgical procedure in which a hole isdrilled or scraped through the patient’sskull in order to relieve afflictions suchas migraine, or in an attempt to treatmental illness. The procedure was notuncommon and would have beenperformed on a conscious patient,without anaesthetic, with a piece offlint for a surgical tool. A form of theprocedure is still practised today to treatpatients suffering a build-up of bloodaround their brains.‘<strong>Chelsea</strong> Man’ survived this ordeal, aswe can tell by the bone regrowth aroundthe edges of the hole in the skull, only todie six months later.Roman timesLittle is known about <strong>Chelsea</strong> in theRoman period, although pits, ditches,and a timber structure found under the<strong>Chelsea</strong> Old Church churchyard indicateRoyal Borough of Kensingon & <strong>Chelsea</strong>, Family & Children’s Servicethat there may have been a small ruralsettlement there.A few metres away, at 6-16 OldChurch Street, a pit and a shallow ditchcontaining third century AD Romanpottery suggests that the area wasoccupied in some way at the time. It isalso possible that Julius Caesar used thelow waters in the <strong>Chelsea</strong> section of theThames at the time cross itduring his invasion of Britain in 54 BC.Anglo-Saxon timesA fishing village emerged around the siteof <strong>Chelsea</strong> Old Church during the Anglo-Saxon period, and two large mid-Saxonfish traps, originally thought to have beenwharves, have been uncovered on theThames foreshore, giving an insight intoThe Old <strong>Chelsea</strong> Bun Houseby Walter Greaves