old master drawings - Museum of Fine Arts - Florida State University

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The History of Old Masters and their DrawingsFebruary/March2009The term Old Master is often used to describe a European painter of skillwho was born before the 19 th century. As time has passed, other importantartists born in the 1800s have also been considered Old Masters. In theory, anOld Master should be an artist who was fully trained, was a master of his localartists’ guild, and also worked independently. Old Master Drawings are soclassified mainly because of the medium and support employed, and the dateof the work. The medium that was used most often was chalk, pen & ink,and/or brush & wash. Usually the works were supported by paper butsometimes vellum or parchment was used.Drawings of the Old Masters were not only admired for their beauty, butalso served as teaching tools and provided a means for studying the methodsand styles of the artists who changed the course of art. The sixteenth andseventeenth centuries were also a period when biographies of the greatRenaissance artists were being written by authors such as Vasari, Baldinucciand Van Mander. These biographies familiarized the public with the OldMasters and established them as admirable people who became the foundationof academic art. In the eighteenth century, recognition of their work wasbrought to a much wider audience with the development of new printingprocesses, such as engraving and mezzotint.The term “Old Master” tends to be avoided by art historians because ofits vagueness. The terms Old Master prints and Old Master drawings,however, are still used and the designation remains more current in the arttrade. Drawings from the fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, andnineteenth centuries seem old to us now and establishing a dividing linebetween the old and the modern becomes an increasingly difficult task. Evenso, issues of chronology and terminology aside, there are significant differencesbetween the materials and techniques of drawing from the nineteenth andtwentieth centuries as compared to ones from centuries up to 400 years earlier.Rembrandt, Saul with his Servants at the Fortune-teller of Endor,1657, drawing in bister and reed pen on paper with nowatermark, Museum Bredius, The Netherlands.Background Information Page 8
List of Most Famous Old MastersFebruary/March2009Refer to List of Famous Women Artists in packet for female Old Masters. Old Masters on this list were found on manyother “Famous Old Master Lists” and were born before the 19 th century. Giotto di Bondone (Italian, 1267-1337) Leonardo da Vinci (Italian, 1452-1519) Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471-1528) Michelangelo (Italian, 1475-1564) Titian (Italian, c.1477-1576) Raphael (Italian, 1483-1520) Parmigianino (Italian, 1503-1540) Jacopo Tintoretto (Italian, 1518-1594) Pieter Bruegel the Elder (Flemish, c.1525-1569) Paolo Veronese (Italian, c.1528-1588) El Greco (Greek, 1541-1614) Frans Hals (Dutch, 1580-1666) Caravaggio (Italian, 1573-1610) Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577-1640) Nicolas Poussin (French, 1594-1665) Diego Velázquez (Spanish, 1599-1660) Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606-1669) Johannes Vermeer (Dutch, 1632-1675) Antoine Watteau (French, 1684-1721) Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1691-1770) Francois Boucher (French, 1703-1770) Joshua Reynolds (English, 1723-1792) Jean-Honore Fragonard (French, 1732-1806) Francisco Goya (Spanish, 1746-1828) Jean-Auguste-Dominque Ingres (French, 1780-1867) Ivan Aivazovsky (Armenian, 1817-1900) Jean Leon Gerome (French, 1824-1904) Adolphe William Bouguereau (French, 1825-1905) Camille Pissarro (French, 1830-1903) Edgar Degas (French, 1834-1917) Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema (Dutch, 1836-1912) Paul Cezanne (French, 1839-1906) Claude Monet (French, 1840-1926)Poussin, The Last Supper, oil oncanvas, 1640s, Belvoir Castle. Pierre-Auguste Renoir (French , 1841-1919) Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853-1890) John Singer Sargent (American, 1856-1925) Gustav Klimt (Austrian, 1862-1918)Da Vinci, Mona Lisa,oil on poplar, 1503-1506, Louvre.Goya, Little Giants, oil on canvas,1791, Museo del Prado.Edgar Degas, Ballerinas in Romantic Tutus inLe Foyer de la Danse, oil on canvas, 1872,Musee d’Orsay.Vincent van Gogh, Starry Night, oil oncanvas, 1889, Museum of Modern Art.Background Information Page 9
Page 1: OLDMASTERDRAWINGSfrom theRinglingMu
Page 7 and 8: Letter to the EducatorsFebruary/Mar
Page 9: About: The John and Mable Ringling
Page 13 and 14: The History of DrawingFebruary/Marc
Page 15: Drawing TimelineFebruary/March2009F
Page 19 and 20: Historical Women in ArtFebruary/Mar
Page 21: Old Master Drawings from the Ringli
Page 24 and 25: Bernardino Campi(1522-1591)ItalianB
Page 26 and 27: Angelica Kauffmann(1741-1807)SwissA
Page 28 and 29: Jaccapo Palma il Giovane(1544-1628)
Page 30 and 31: Benjamin West(1738-1820)AmericanBen
Page 33 and 34: Lesson Plan #1: Mona Lisa in the Mi
Page 35 and 36: Lesson [Year] Plan #2: Value Lesson
Page 37 and 38: Lesson [Year] Plan #2: Worksheet 1F
Page 39 and 40: Lesson Plan #3: Line: The Flexible
Page 41 and 42: Lesson Plan #3: WorksheetFebruary/M
Page 43 and 44: Lesson [Year] Plan #4: Composition
Page 45: Suggestions of other Activities for
Page 49 and 50: GlossaryFebruary/March2009~ Academy
Page 51 and 52: Exhibition Artist and Image ListFeb
Page 53 and 54: Exhibition Artist and Image ListFeb
Page 55 and 56: Bibliography [Year]February/March20
Page 57: Evaluation SheetFebruary/March2009P

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