issue 1 09 - APS Member Groups - Australian Psychological Society

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Multiculturalism and Whiteness34delegating it as the other, patterns of privilegeand power remain invisible and undisrupted(Hage, 1998; Vasta, 1993). Whiteness ismaintained through national identity andbelonging by othering groups that vary fromthe white category and positioning them on themargins of citizenship (Green & Sonn, 2005).Frankenberg (1993) and Green and Sonn(2005) explain that in countries people whohold power provide the categories that are usedto include and exclude people.Discursive strategies are employed tocreate and maintain power structures and tomarginalise others by drawing distinctions andhierarchies between the privileged group andothers (Van Dijk, 1997). White privilege isprotected by constructing the other in terms ofreligion and phenotype. In doing so whitenessmaintains its privilege as it is positioned as thenormative and as the real Australians. Whitepeople are made to feel comfortable and athome with their nation and minority groups areuncomfortable and as aliens in their nation(Hage, 1998). This “Illusion of truth serves towarrant claims to white belonging inAustralia” (Riggs, 2007b, p. 8).In Australia, these discourses and theimplications of being positioned as an other aremuch more covert because they operate underthe discourses of multiculturalism.Multiculturalism to some extent has createdspace for migrant descendants. However, theirintegration is supervised; where the whiteAustralian subject is the supervisor of theintegration (Hage, 1998).There are very real implications thatarise out of racism and whiteness. Ethnic socialminorities express uncertainty about theirbelongingness (Ang et al., 2006) as thenational representations do not extend to themcompletely because national belonging isaligned with whiteness. The participants’experiences of exclusion at times have beenclearly racially motivated or related to thesocio-political climate around Muslims andIslam, however most of the time theyexperienced banal forms of racism. As Noble(2005) showed, this leaves behind feelings ofbeing uncomfortable in their everydaysurroundings and not feeling at home. Noble,following Giddens, describes this asontological security. Comfort and ontologicalsecurity is not ascertained due to the lack offit between the self and society, but requiresthat others recognise and accept you asrightfully belonging (Noble, 2005).In summary, whiteness theory allows usto explore processes of inclusion-exclusionby focusing on the “dynamics of culturalracism, those symbolic and cultural resourcesand practices that may be everyday and ofteninvisible to those close to the centre ofpower” (Fisher & Sonn, 2007, p. 31). Thevantage point of the other is a lens intowhiteness. In this case we have looked at howracism has been mapped onto ethnicity andreligion. We have also identified practices ofresistance and dominance through theexperiences of the second generation CypriotTurkish. In our view critical whitenessstudies from the vantage point of those whohave differential access to race privilegeprovides a useful lens for making visible andchallenging cultural racism because of itsfocus on dominance and normativity.ReferencesAhmed, S. (2004). Declaration of whiteness:The non-performativity of anti-racism.Borderlands ejournal, 3(2). RetrievedFebruary 10 th , from http://www.borderlandsejournal.adelaide.edu.au/vol3no2_2004/ahmed_declarations.htmAli, L. (2006). Identity construction of secondgeneration Cypriot Turkish.Unpublished Honours Thesis. VictoriaUniversity, Melbourne, Australia.Ali, L. & Sonn, C. C. (in press). Constructingidentity as a second generation CypriotTurkish Australian: The multihyphenatedother. Culture andPsychology.Aly, A. (2007). Australian Muslim responsesto the discourse on terrorism in theThe Australian Community Psychologist Volume 21 No 1 June 2009
Multiculturalism and Whiteness35Australian popular media. AustralianJournal of Social Issues, 42(1), 27-40.Ang, I., Brand, J., Noble, G., & Sternberg, J.(2006). Connecting diversity: Paradoxesof multicultural Australia. Artarmon,NSW: Special Broadcasting ServiceCooperation.Bamanie, N. (2002). Cyprus’ forgotten Turks.Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs,22(2), 443-449.Barker, C., & Galasinski, D. (2001). Culturalstudies and discourse analysis: Adialogue on language and identity.London: Sage.Burgess-Limerick, T., & Burgess-Limerick, R.(1998). Conversational interviews andmultiple-case research in psychology.Australian Journal of Psychology, 50(2),63-70.Burr, V. (1995). An introduction to socialconstructionism. London: Routledge.Casimiro, S., Hancock. P., & Nortcote, J.(2007). Isolation and insecurity:Resettlement issues among Muslimrefugee women in Perth, WesternAustralia. Australian Journal of SocialIssues, 42(1), 55-69.Canefe, N. (2002). Makers of Turkish Cypriothistory in the Diaspora. RethinkingHistory, 6(1), 57-76.Castles, S., & Vasta, E. (1996). Introduction:Multicultural or multi-racist Australia? InE. Vasta & S. Castles (Eds.), The teethare smiling: The persistence of racism inmulticultural Australia (pp. 1-16).Australia: Allen & Unwin.Collins, A. (2004). Social psychology andresearch methods. In K. Ratele, N.Duncan, D. Hook, N. Mkhize, P.Kiguwa, & A. Collins (Eds.), Self,community and psychology (pp. 3-3.20).Lansdowne: UCT Press.Department of Immigration and Citizenship.(2003). Multicultural Australia: Unitedin diversity. Retrieved 18 th of May(2009) from: http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/settle/pdf/united_diversity.pdfDepartment of Immigration and Citizenship.(2007). Fact Sheet 8: Abolition of theWhite Australia Policy. Retrieved 28 th ofApril from: http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/08abolition.htmElley, J. (1993). “I see myself as Australian-Turkish”: The identity of secondgenerationTurk migrants in Australia. InR. Arcelik (Ed.), Turkish youth inAustralia (pp.54-76). Melbourne:Australian-Turkish Friendship SocietyPublications.Fijac, B. M., & Sonn, C. C. (2004). Pakistani-Muslim immigrant women in WesternAustralia: Perceptions of identity andcommunity. Network, 16(1), 18-27.Fisher, A., & Sonn, C. C. (2007). Sense ofcommunity and dynamics of inclusionexclusionby receiving communities. TheAustralian Community Psychologist, 19(2), 26-34.Frankenberg, R. (1993). White women, racematters: The social construction ofwhiteness. London UK: Routledge.Gorvett, J. (1999). A 25 Year Impasse: UNpeace initiatives in Cyprus. The MiddleEast, 292, 15-17.Green, M. J., & Sonn, C. C. (2005). Examiningdiscourses of whiteness and the potentialfor reconciliation. Journal of Communityand Applied Social Psychology, 15, 487-492.Green, M. J., Sonn, C. C., & Matsebula, J.(2007). Reviewing whiteness: Theory,research and possibilities. South AfricanJournal, 37(3), 389-419.Grosfoguel, R., & Georas, C. S. (2000).“Coloniality of power” and racialdynamics: Notes toward a reinterpretationof Latino Caribbeans in New York city.Identities, 7(1), 85-125.Hage, G. (1998). White nation: Fantasies ofwhite supremacy in a multiculturalsociety. Australia, NSW: Routledge.Hage, G. (2003). Against paranoid nationalism:Searching for hope in a shrinking society.The Australian Community Psychologist Volume 21 No 1 June 2009
Page 2 and 3: 2Office Bearers of the APS College
Page 4 and 5: General Information4The Australian
Page 6 and 7: Editorial6Psychologist. With this i
Page 8 and 9: The Construction of Muslims as “O
Page 10 and 11: Muslim, Racism and Media10old fashi
Page 12 and 13: Muslim, Racism and Media12rightfull
Page 14 and 15: Muslim, Racism and Media14distance
Page 16 and 17: Muslim, Racism and Media16incompati
Page 18 and 19: Muslim, Racism and Media18This disc
Page 20 and 21: Muslim, Racism and Media20that psyc
Page 22 and 23: Muslim, Racism and Media22injustice
Page 24 and 25: 24Multiculturalism and Whiteness:Th
Page 26 and 27: Multiculturalism and Whiteness26emb
Page 28 and 29: Multiculturalism and Whiteness28spe
Page 30 and 31: Multiculturalism and Whiteness30Aus
Page 32 and 33: Multiculturalism and Whiteness32res
Page 36 and 37: Multiculturalism and Whiteness36NSW
Page 38 and 39: Multiculturalism and Whiteness38but
Page 40 and 41: Accessing Authentic Knowledge40is a
Page 42 and 43: Accessing Authentic Knowledge42Nort
Page 44 and 45: Accessing Authentic Knowledge44pers
Page 46 and 47: Accessing Authentic Knowledge46or p
Page 48 and 49: Accessing Authentic Knowledge48The
Page 50 and 51: 50Differences in Resilience and Uni
Page 52 and 53: Resilience and Adjustment52entry st
Page 54 and 55: Resilience and Adjustment54competen
Page 56 and 57: Resilience and Adjustment56reported
Page 58 and 59: Resilience and Adjustment58that the
Page 60 and 61: Resilience and Adjustment60change i
Page 62 and 63: 62Understanding and Assisting Exces
Page 64 and 65: Excessive Videogame Playing64Despit
Page 66 and 67: Excessive Videogame Playing66progre
Page 68 and 69: Excessive Videogame Playing68order
Page 70 and 71: Excessive Videogame Playing70belong
Page 72 and 73: Excessive Videogame Playing72for th
Page 74 and 75: Excessive Videogame Playing7412. Do
Page 76 and 77: Giving Psychology Away76alleviation
Page 78 and 79: Giving Psychology Away78coalitions
Page 80 and 81: Giving Psychology Away80own needs
Page 82 and 83: Giving Psychology Away82psychology
Page 84 and 85:
Reflections on Implementing an Educ
Page 86 and 87:
Education support programme86Aborig
Page 88 and 89:
Education support programme88acquir
Page 90 and 91:
Education support programme90active
Page 92 and 93:
Education support programme92cultur
Page 94 and 95:
Education support programme94overal
Page 96 and 97:
Education support programme96that f
Page 98 and 99:
Education support programme98A25757
Page 100 and 101:
Education support programme100Assoc
Page 102 and 103:
102Using the SPECS Model to Explore
Page 104 and 105:
New Paradigms in Health Psychology1
Page 106 and 107:
New Paradigms in Health Psychology1
Page 108 and 109:
108A Case for More Culture in Commu
Page 110 and 111:
States of Micronesia110with 57.6% s
Page 112 and 113:
States of Micronesia112alcohol, Mar
Page 114 and 115:
States of Micronesia114activity set
Page 116 and 117:
States of Micronesia116healthy comm
Page 118 and 119:
States of Micronesia118succumbing t
Page 120 and 121:
States of Micronesia120evaluation f
Page 122 and 123:
States of Micronesia122conquest of
Page 124 and 125:
Manuscript preparation124page, abst
Page 126:
The Australian Community Psychologi
show all

issue 1 09 - APS Member Groups - Australian Psychological Society

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?