LISP I Programmer's Manual - Software Preservation Group

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the user to program the return of registers to the free-storagelist.This return takes place automatically whenever the free-storage list has been exhausted during the running of a <strong>LISP</strong> Iprogram. The program which retrieves the storage is a SAPcodedprogram called the garbage collector.Any piece of list structure that is accessible to programsin the machine is considered an active list and is not touchedby the garbage collector. The active lists are accessible tothe program through certain fixed sets of base registers suchas the registers in the list of atomic symbols, the registerswhich contain partial results of the <strong>LISP</strong> computation in progress,etc. The list structures involved may be arbitrarilylong but each register which is active must be connected to abase register through a car-cdr chain of registers. Any registerthat cannot be so reached is not accessib1,e to any programand is non-active; therefore its contents are no longer ofinterest .'The non-active, i.e. available, registers are reclaimedfor the free-storage list by the garbage collector as follows.First every active register which can be reached through acar-cdr chain is marked by setting its sign negative.* Whenevera negative register is reached in a chain during thisprocess, the garbage collector knows that the rest of the listinvolving that register has already been marked. Then the*Special provision is made for the rare case when the sign ofa register is already negative.
garbage collector does a linear sweep of the free storage area,collecting all registers with a positive sign into a new freestoragelist, and restoring the original signs of the activeregisters. Partial experience has indicated that about a thirdof the running time is taken up by the garbage collector.
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Artificial Intelli~cnce GroupJ. McC
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Contents1 . Introduction ..........
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2. Recursive Functions of Symbolic
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expression was, defined, the meanin
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Let f be an expression that stands
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There is a twofold reason for depar
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2, eq - 4eq[x;y] is defined if and
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2. sub~t[x;~;z]This function gives
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z;eq[caar[x];z]sub2[x;~];~((u1,vi)
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The S-functLon apply is defined byI
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The list p - could be eliminated, a
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3. LISP PrimerThe features of LISP
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The answer ( ((x A) B) (X A) ) will
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one introducing it into the consequ
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h,~~,pand)Y,SP5a. Rule4>: If j,++h,
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to one of the 10 rules. The formula
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(~111(LAMBDA( ~1 A2 A C) (COND ((NU
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This causes the functions mentioned
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4. The LISP Programming SystemIn th
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Example 3:The following example, on
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In either case, if a machine-langua
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Note that the argument x starts wit
Page 51 and 52: sion whose first element may be LAM
Page 53 and 54: 5 = (atomic function, arguments): C
Page 55 and 56: - PROG is a special form described
Page 57 and 58: When a list beginning with GO is en
Page 59 and 60: Since the program feature will be u
Page 61 and 62: and goes ahead after printing out(f
Page 63 and 64: eturn[fn[a]In terms of the M-type n
Page 65 and 66: ( , SXD, G0011,4),LD&,G0002)( ,C;LA
Page 67 and 68: push-down(MAPLIST,BSS, 0)( ,SXD,GOO
Page 69 and 70: Ls.( ,O,U( ,STO,G0015)( , LXD, $FRE
Page 71 and 72: Running a LISP ProgramIn this secti
Page 73 and 74: SET :Note:FLX*:CRD*:FIN:This card w
Page 75 and 76: Sense switches used:SWITCH NUMBERUS
Page 77 and 78: The Flexowriter Sys tem (for M.1.T.
Page 79 and 80: indicates carriage returnindicates
Page 81 and 82: TEN-ModeThere are ten buffers of co
Page 83 and 84: ErrorsTyping errors may be erased b
Page 85 and 86: (from the tab type-in) will be proc
Page 87 and 88: answerTENCAR ((A@) 0- LINE NUMBER M
Page 89 and 90: 6. List StructuresMuch of the follo
Page 91 and 92: y either the list structure of Fig.
Page 93 and 94: which is represented asFirst we con
Page 95 and 96: the location of the association lis
Page 97 and 98: and the decrement of the TXL instru
Page 99 and 100: the 2's (8's) complement of an octa
Page 101: 25207 052567 05257025210 000000 000
Page 106 and 107: The function collapse, is defined a
Page 108 and 109: THE TIME IS NOW 2/16 1139.7FUNCTION
Page 110 and 111: DEFINE( ( (RVRSE, (LAMBDA, (L ) JCO
Page 113 and 114: 8. Error Indications Given by LISPB
Page 115 and 116: Errors due to computer inadequacies
Page 117 and 118: Errors during the operation of the
Page 119 and 120: 9. Functions Available in LISPIn th
Page 121 and 122: s[x;y] : machine languageThe value
Page 123 and 124: eval[e;b] - : machine languageThe r
Page 125 and 126: Defining Functions:The argument of
Page 127 and 128: MORE]nconc[x;y]: machine languageTh
Page 129 and 130: evaluated functions. - map is used
Page 131 and 132: -ins t [x;y; z]: machine languageHe
Page 133 and 134: prog[prin2[d~rinl[~];The function p
Page 135 and 136: puncha[x] : machine languageThe fun
Page 137 and 138: 9.2 Special Formsquote : machine la
Page 139 and 140: function[ f ] : machine language; s
Page 141 and 142: desc[cdr[x];cdr[y]-desc[x;y] : mach
Page 143 and 144: eturn[^]intv[x] : machine language;
Page 145 and 146: The program for compsrch has the pr
Page 147 and 148: NIL;T+The value of - cpl is the loc
Page 149 and 150: --- ~reaterlp; q] : machine languag
Page 151 and 152: matrixmultiply[x;y] : machine langu
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9.5 Alphabetic Index to FunctionsFu
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Function Page .mapcon .............
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GENERAL INDEXActive register, 96APP
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GENERAL INDEXFunctions, 3alphabetic
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GENERAL INDEXPropositionalcalculus;
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