LISP I Programmer's Manual - Software Preservation Group

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the correct number of final parentheses.The current version of the read program interprets a blank(space) as a comma, so that no blanks are allowed within atomicsymbols.The read program ignores redundant commas so that adouble blank for example is read as a single comma.Deck FormatA LISP program to be run must be preceded by an LCON deckwhich calls the LISP system from tape. The LCON deck consistsof five cards labelled NYBOLI followed by six cards labelledLCON. If the LISP program is being run at the M.I.T. ComputationCenter, copies of the LCON deck may be found in room 26-265in the drawer labelled "utility ~ecks".There are five possible direction cards that can be usedfollowing the LCON deck. These cards have the direction (TST,SET,FLX, CRD, or FIN) in columns 8-10 of the card and have thefollowing effects:TST:Subsequent triplets are read in until a STOP card(see 4. of the deck format below) is reached. Thelists read are put out onto tape 2 for off-line printingtogether with a list of the atomic symbols in themachine. Control is then sent to the APPLY operatorwhich operates on each triplet in turn, putting out ontape 2 the triplet f;x;p followed by the value ofapply[f;x;p]. If any errors are found, an error indicationis printed out. After all the triplets havebeen evaluated, the memory is restored to its state atthe beginning of this TST.
SET :Note:FLX*:CRD*:FIN:This card works the same way as TST except thatimmediately after all the triplets have been evaluatedthe state of the memory as it stands is read out ontotape 8 as the new "base" image for the memory. FutureI ITST cards will restore the memory to this new base"state. If more SET cards are used, the functions fol-I Ilowing them will be compounded into the base1' image.If an error occurs during the evaluation of a tripletin a SET the new base image for that SET is not writtenout on tape.The variable field (columns 12-72) for both SETand TST cards should contain the problem number, theprogrammer's number and name, and any other identificationdesired.The Flexowriter mode of operation (see Section5.3) is called into control.Control is returned from the Flexowriter back tothe card reader.The computer stops,Any other card, such as a SAP REM card, may be includedin a deck between a STOP card and the next direction card. Thecard w i l l be printed out but will have no other effect. Such acard in any other position in the deck will cause trouble.\Vhe FLX and CRD direction cards are not understood by the basicLISP system; only the LISP-flexo system can interpret them.
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Artificial Intelli~cnce GroupJ. McC
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Contents1 . Introduction ..........
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2. Recursive Functions of Symbolic
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expression was, defined, the meanin
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Let f be an expression that stands
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There is a twofold reason for depar
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2, eq - 4eq[x;y] is defined if and
Page 21 and 22: 2. sub~t[x;~;z]This function gives
Page 23 and 24: z;eq[caar[x];z]sub2[x;~];~((u1,vi)
Page 25 and 26: The S-functLon apply is defined byI
Page 27 and 28: The list p - could be eliminated, a
Page 29 and 30: 3. LISP PrimerThe features of LISP
Page 31 and 32: The answer ( ((x A) B) (X A) ) will
Page 33 and 34: one introducing it into the consequ
Page 35 and 36: h,~~,pand)Y,SP5a. Rule4>: If j,++h,
Page 37 and 38: to one of the 10 rules. The formula
Page 39 and 40: (~111(LAMBDA( ~1 A2 A C) (COND ((NU
Page 41 and 42: This causes the functions mentioned
Page 43 and 44: 4. The LISP Programming SystemIn th
Page 45 and 46: Example 3:The following example, on
Page 47 and 48: In either case, if a machine-langua
Page 49 and 50: Note that the argument x starts wit
Page 51 and 52: sion whose first element may be LAM
Page 53 and 54: 5 = (atomic function, arguments): C
Page 55 and 56: - PROG is a special form described
Page 57 and 58: When a list beginning with GO is en
Page 59 and 60: Since the program feature will be u
Page 61 and 62: and goes ahead after printing out(f
Page 63 and 64: eturn[fn[a]In terms of the M-type n
Page 65 and 66: ( , SXD, G0011,4),LD&,G0002)( ,C;LA
Page 67 and 68: push-down(MAPLIST,BSS, 0)( ,SXD,GOO
Page 69 and 70: Ls.( ,O,U( ,STO,G0015)( , LXD, $FRE
Page 71: Running a LISP ProgramIn this secti
Page 75 and 76: Sense switches used:SWITCH NUMBERUS
Page 77 and 78: The Flexowriter Sys tem (for M.1.T.
Page 79 and 80: indicates carriage returnindicates
Page 81 and 82: TEN-ModeThere are ten buffers of co
Page 83 and 84: ErrorsTyping errors may be erased b
Page 85 and 86: (from the tab type-in) will be proc
Page 87 and 88: answerTENCAR ((A@) 0- LINE NUMBER M
Page 89 and 90: 6. List StructuresMuch of the follo
Page 91 and 92: y either the list structure of Fig.
Page 93 and 94: which is represented asFirst we con
Page 95 and 96: the location of the association lis
Page 97 and 98: and the decrement of the TXL instru
Page 99 and 100: the 2's (8's) complement of an octa
Page 101 and 102: 25207 052567 05257025210 000000 000
Page 103: garbage collector does a linear swe
Page 106 and 107: The function collapse, is defined a
Page 108 and 109: THE TIME IS NOW 2/16 1139.7FUNCTION
Page 110 and 111: DEFINE( ( (RVRSE, (LAMBDA, (L ) JCO
Page 113 and 114: 8. Error Indications Given by LISPB
Page 115 and 116: Errors due to computer inadequacies
Page 117 and 118: Errors during the operation of the
Page 119 and 120: 9. Functions Available in LISPIn th
Page 121 and 122: s[x;y] : machine languageThe value
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eval[e;b] - : machine languageThe r
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Defining Functions:The argument of
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MORE]nconc[x;y]: machine languageTh
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evaluated functions. - map is used
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-ins t [x;y; z]: machine languageHe
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prog[prin2[d~rinl[~];The function p
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puncha[x] : machine languageThe fun
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9.2 Special Formsquote : machine la
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function[ f ] : machine language; s
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desc[cdr[x];cdr[y]-desc[x;y] : mach
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eturn[^]intv[x] : machine language;
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The program for compsrch has the pr
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NIL;T+The value of - cpl is the loc
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--- ~reaterlp; q] : machine languag
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matrixmultiply[x;y] : machine langu
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9.5 Alphabetic Index to FunctionsFu
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Function Page .mapcon .............
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GENERAL INDEXActive register, 96APP
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GENERAL INDEXFunctions, 3alphabetic
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GENERAL INDEXPropositionalcalculus;
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