Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss - Department of Agriculture ...

Table 3.Recommendations for O. mykiss culture in South Africa. Red shading indicates ‘No culture”, orange shadingindicates “high biosecurity” (closed RAS only), blue shading indicates “medium biosecurity” (i.e. partial RAS)and green shading indicates “low biosecurity” requirements (i.e. dam, river or marine culture). White blocksrepresent “Non-applicability”, i.e. in this case, there is no native distribution of O. mykiss in South Africa.Some of the ‘high biosecurity’ categories require further explanation and this is denoted with a number. ‘1’has been categorised as high biosecurity due to the uncertainty regarding the self-sustaining nature ofexisting populations. ‘2’ has been categorised as high biosecurity to include the protection of non-fishthreatened species (which are not directly recognised in the fish sanctuary format of FEPAs).FEPA map categoryNativedistributionExistingintroducedpopulationSpecies notpresent(climaticallysuitable)Species notpresent(climaticallyunsuitable)FEPA (Fish and River FEPAs) or MPA 1 1 1Fish Support Area 1 1Fish CorridorUpstream management AreaPhase 2 FEPAs 2 2 2All other areas (freshwater)All other marine areas (non-MPA)In all other freshwater areas, except where the species is not present but its culture is suited to theclimate (this requires high biosecurity measures), low biosecurity culture facilities can be installed,such as dam, river or cage culture.In all other freshwater habitats, dam, river or cage culture can be undertaken. Although there arecurrently no active marine aquaculture facilities for rainbow trout within this country, marinefarming of O. mykiss is a potentially viable alternative for South Africa. For such systems, if there isany risk of individuals from a marine culture system entering rivers in this country, then it isrecommended that similar criteria in respect of land-based systems should be applied to thesesystems.The construction of closed and partial RAS facilities which treat water and use recycled water shouldbe encouraged wherever possible, to prevent the discharge of organisms and waste products intothe surrounding environment.13 ReferencesAlborali, L. 2006. Climate variations related to fish diseases and production. Veternary ResearchCommunications. (30 Suppl.I), 93-97.Anchor Environmental Consultants. 2010. The nature, distribution and value of aquatic ecosystemservices of the Olifants, Inkomati and Usutu to Mhlatuze Water Management Areas.Contract report for Department: Water Affairs and Forestry. 378 pp.Astbury, C. 2004. A draft policy for the translocation of brown trout (Salmo Trutta) and Rainbowtrout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) into and within Western Australia for the purposes ofPage | 18