Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss - Department of Agriculture ...

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24252627Does feeding or other behaviours of the species reduce habitat quality for native species? Guidance:There should be evidence that the foraging results in an increase in suspended solids, reducing waterclarity (e.g. as demonstrated for common carp).Does the species require minimum population size to maintain a viable population? Guidance: Ifevidence of a population crash or extirpation due to low numbers (e.g. overexploitation, pollution,etc.), then response should be ‘yes’.Is the species a piscivorous or voracious predator (e.g. of native species not adapted to a toppredator)? Guidance: Obligate piscivores are most likely to score here, but some facultative speciesmay become voracious when confronted with naïve prey.Is the species omnivorous? Guidance:Evidence exists of foraging on a wide range of prey items,including incidental piscivory.? No record of this 2YNeed certain number to preventinbreeding (no reference)Y Picker & Griffiths 2011 4Y Skelton 2001 428 Is the species planktivorous? Guidance: Should be an obligate planktivore to score here. Y Doergeloh 1994 429 Is the species benthivorous? Guidance: Should be an obligate benthivore to score here. Y Molineri 2008 430Does it exhibit parental care and/or is it known to reduce age-at-maturity in response toenvironment? Guidance:Needs at least some documentation of expressing parental care.N Skelton 2001 331Does the species produce viable gametes? Guidance: If the taxon is a sub-species, then it must beindisputably sterile.Y FAO 2012 432Does the species hybridize naturally with native species (or uses males of native species to activateeggs)? Guidance: Documented evidence exists of interspecific hybrids occurring, without assistance N No native congeners in S. Africa 4under natural conditions.33 Is the species hermaphroditic? Guidance: Needs at least some documentation of hermaphroditism. N FAO 2012 434Is the species dependent on presence of another species (or specific habitat features) to completeits life cycle? Guidance: Some species may require specialist incubators (e.g. unionid mussels used bybitterling) or specific habitat features (e.g. fast flowing water, particular species of plant or types ofN FAO 2012 4substrata) in order to reproduce successfully.35Is the species highly fecund (>10,000 eggs/kg), iteropatric or have an extended spawning season?Guidance: Normally observed in medium-to-longer lived species.N FAO 2012 436What is the species' known minimum generation time (in years)? Guidance: Time from hatching tofull maturity (i.e. active reproduction, not just presence of gonads). Please specify the number of 1 for males (Skelton 2001) 4years.37Are life stages likely to be dispersed unintentionally? Guidance: Unintentional dispersal resultingfrom human activity.Y No reference 338Are life stages likely to be dispersed intentionally by humans (and suitable habitats abundantnearby)? Guidance: the taxon has properties that make it attractive or desirable (e.g. as an angling Y Cambray 2003 3amenity, for ornament or unusual appearance).39Are life stages likely to be dispersed as a contaminant of commodities? Guidance: Taxon isassociated with organisms likely to be sold commercially.? Depends on management practices 240Does natural dispersal occur as a function of egg dispersal? Guidance: there should be documentedevidence that eggs are taken by water currents or displaced by other organisms either intentionally orN Winckler-Sosinski et al. 2005 33Page | 24
414243444546474849not.Does natural dispersal occur as a function of dispersal of larvae (along linear and/or 'stepping stone'habitats)? Guidance: There should be documented evidence that larvae enter, or are taken by, watercurrents, or can move between water bodies via connectionsAre juveniles or adults of the species known to migrate (spawning, smolting, feeding)? Guidance:There should be documented evidence of migratory behavior, even at a small scale (tens or hundredsof meters).Are eggs of the species known to be dispersed by other animals (externally)? Guidance: Forexample, are they moved by birds accidentally when the water fowl move from one water body toanother?Is dispersal of the species density dependent? Guidance: There should be documented evidence ofthe taxon spreading out or dispersing when its population density increases.Any life stages likely to survive out of water transport? Guidance: There should be documentedevidence of the taxon being able to survive for an extended period (e.g. an hour or more) out ofwater. PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS IS SIMILAR TO QUESTION 22. THIS IS AN ERROR WITH THE FISKTOOLKIT AND THE CREATORS WILL BE ALERTED. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS STUDY, THE ANSWERHAS BEEN REPEATED.Does the species tolerate a wide range of water quality conditions, especially oxygen depletion &high temperature? Guidance: This is to identify taxa that can persist in cases of low oxygen andelevated levels of naturally occurring chemicals (e.g. ammonia).Is the species susceptible to piscicides? Guidance: There should be documented evidence ofsusceptibility of the taxon to chemical control agents.Does the species tolerate or benefit from environmental disturbance? Guidance: The growth andspread of some taxa may be enhanced by disruptions or unusual events (floods, spates, dessication),especially human impacts.Are there effective natural enemies of the species present in the risk assessment area? Guidance: Aknown effective natural enemy of the taxon may or may not be present in the Risk Assessment area.The answer is ‘Don’t know’ unless a specific enemy/enemies is known.N Winckler-Sosinski et al. 2005 3Y Froese & Pauly 2011 4N Could happen but unlikely 3? No record of this 2N No record of this 3N Rowe & Chisnall 1995 4Y Moore et al. 2008 4N FAO 2012 4? No record of this 2Page | 25
Page 1 and 2: Rainbow TroutOncorhynchus mykiss1 T
Page 3 and 4: 3.3 ReproductionIn the wild, rainbo
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Page 21 and 22: Picker, M.D. & Griffiths, C.L. 2011
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Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss - Department of Agriculture ...

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