and has the art <strong>of</strong> making every subject he touches interesting, even the most abstruse theories. Hemakes you feel that if you only had a little more time, you, too, might be an inventor. He has ahumorous and poetic side, too. His dominating passion is his love for children. He is never quite sohappy as when he has a little deaf child in his arms. His labours in behalf <strong>of</strong> the deaf will live on andbless generations <strong>of</strong> children yet to come; and we love him alike for what he himself has achieved andfor what he has evoked from others.During the two years I spent in New York I had many opportunities to talk with distinguished peoplewhose names I had <strong>of</strong>ten heard, but whom I had never expected to meet. Most <strong>of</strong> them I met first in thehouse <strong>of</strong> my good friend, Mr. Laurence Hutton. It was a great privilege to visit him and dear Mrs.Hutton in their lovely home, and see their library and read the beautiful sentiments and bright thoughtsgifted friends had written for them. It has been truly said that Mr. Hutton has the faculty <strong>of</strong> bringing outin every one the best thoughts and kindest sentiments. One does not need to read "A Boy I Knew" tounderstand him--the most generous, sweet-natured boy I ever knew, a good friend in all sorts <strong>of</strong>weather, who traces the footprints <strong>of</strong> love in the life <strong>of</strong> dogs as well as in that <strong>of</strong> his fellowmen.Mrs. Hutton is a true and tried friend. Much that I hold sweetest, much that I hold most precious, I oweto her. She has <strong>of</strong>tenest advised and helped me in my progress through college. When I find my workparticularly difficult and discouraging, she writes me letters that make me feel glad and brave; for sheis one <strong>of</strong> those from whom we learn that one painful duty fulfilled makes the next plainer and easier.Mr. Hutton introduced me to many <strong>of</strong> his literary friends, greatest <strong>of</strong> whom are Mr. William DeanHowells and Mark Twain. I also met Mr. Richard Watson Gilder and Mr. Edmund Clarence Stedman. Ialso knew Mr. Charles Dudley Warner, the most delightful <strong>of</strong> story-tellers and the most beloved friend,whose sympathy was so broad that it may be truly said <strong>of</strong> him, he loved all living things and hisneighbour as himself. Once Mr. Warner brought to see me the dear poet <strong>of</strong> the woodlands--Mr. JohnBurroughs. <strong>The</strong>y were all gentle and sympathetic and I felt the charm <strong>of</strong> their manner as much as I hadfelt the brilliancy <strong>of</strong> their essays and poems. I could not keep pace with all these literary folk as theyglanced from subject to subject and entered into deep dispute, or made conversation sparkle withepigrams and happy witticisms. I was like little Ascanius, who followed with unequal steps the heroicstrides <strong>of</strong> Aeneas on his march toward mighty destinies. But they spoke many gracious words to me.Mr. Gilder told me about his moonlight journeys across the vast desert to the Pyramids, and in a letterhe wrote me he made his mark under his signature deep in the paper so that I could feel it. This remindsme that Dr. Hale used to give a personal touch to his letters to me by pricking his signature in braille. Iread from Mark Twain's lips one or two <strong>of</strong> his good stories. He has his own way <strong>of</strong> thinking, saying anddoing everything. I feel the twinkle <strong>of</strong> his eye in his handshake. Even while he utters his cynicalwisdom in an indescribably droll voice, he makes you feel that his heart is a tender Iliad <strong>of</strong> humansympathy.<strong>The</strong>re are a host <strong>of</strong> other interesting people I met in New York: Mrs. Mary Mapes Dodge, the belovededitor <strong>of</strong> St. Nicholas, and Mrs. Riggs (Kate Douglas Wiggin), the sweet author <strong>of</strong> "Patsy." I receivedfrom them gifts that have the gentle concurrence <strong>of</strong> the heart, books containing their own thoughts,soul-illumined letters, and photographs that I love to have described again and again. But there is notspace to mention all my friends, and indeed there are things about them hidden behind the wings <strong>of</strong>cherubim, things too sacred to set forth in cold print. It is with hesitancy that I have spoken even <strong>of</strong>Mrs. Laurence Hutton.I shall mention only two other friends. One is Mrs. William Thaw, <strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh, whom I have <strong>of</strong>tenvisited in her home, Lyndhurst. She is always doing something to make some one happy, and hergenerosity and wise counsel have never failed my teacher and me in all the years we have known her.To the other friend I am also deeply indebted. He is well known for the powerful hand with which he
guides vast enterprises, and his wonderful abilities have gained for him the respect <strong>of</strong> all. Kind to everyone, he goes about doing good, silent and unseen. Again I touch upon the circle <strong>of</strong> honoured names Imust not mention; but I would fain acknowledge his generosity and affectionate interest which make itpossible for me to go to college.Thus it is that my friends have made the story <strong>of</strong> my life. In a thousand ways they have turned mylimitations into beautiful privileges, and enabled me to walk serene and happy in the shadow cast bymy deprivation.Part II. Letters(1887-1901)INTRODUCTIONHelen Keller's letters are important, not only as a supplementary story <strong>of</strong> her life, but as ademonstration <strong>of</strong> her growth in thought and expression--the growth which in itself has made herdistinguished.<strong>The</strong>se letters are, however, not merely remarkable as the productions <strong>of</strong> a deaf and blind girl, to be readwith wonder and curiosity; they are good letters almost from the first. <strong>The</strong> best passages are those inwhich she talks about herself, and gives her world in terms <strong>of</strong> her experience <strong>of</strong> it. Her views on theprecession <strong>of</strong> the equinoxes are not important, but most important are her accounts <strong>of</strong> what speechmeant to her, <strong>of</strong> how she felt the statues, the dogs, the chickens at the poultry show, and how she stoodin the aisle <strong>of</strong> St. Bartholomew's and felt the <strong>org</strong>an rumble. Those are passages <strong>of</strong> which one would askfor more. <strong>The</strong> reason they are comparatively few is that all her life she has been trying to be "like otherpeople," and so she too <strong>of</strong>ten describes things not as they appear to her, but as they appear to one witheyes and ears.One cause for the excellence <strong>of</strong> her letters is the great number <strong>of</strong> them. <strong>The</strong>y are the exercises whichhave trained her to write. She has lived at different times in different parts <strong>of</strong> the country, and so hasbeen separated from most <strong>of</strong> her friends and relatives. Of her friends, many have been distinguishedpeople, to whom--not <strong>of</strong>ten, I think, at the sacrifice <strong>of</strong> spontaneity--she has felt it necessary to writewell. To them and to a few friends with whom she is in closest sympathy she writes with intimatefrankness whatever she is thinking about. Her naive retelling <strong>of</strong> a child's tale she has heard, like thestory <strong>of</strong> "Little Jakey," which she rehearses for Dr. Holmes and Bishop Brooks, is charming and hergrave paraphrase <strong>of</strong> the day's lesson in geography or botany, her parrot-like repetition <strong>of</strong> what she hasheard, and her conscious display <strong>of</strong> new words, are delightful and instructive; for they show not onlywhat she was learning, but how, by putting it all into letters, she made the new knowledge and the newwords her own.So these selections from Miss Keller's correspondence are made with two purposes--to show herdevelopment and to preserve the most entertaining and significant passages from several hundredletters. Many <strong>of</strong> those written before 1892 were published in the reports <strong>of</strong> the Perkins Institution forthe Blind. All letters up to that year are printed intact, for it is legitimate to be interested in the degree<strong>of</strong> skill the child showed in writing, even to details <strong>of</strong> punctuation; so it is well to preserve a literalintegrity <strong>of</strong> reproduction. From the letters after the year 1892 I have culled in the spirit <strong>of</strong> one makingan anthology, choosing the passages best in style and most important from the point <strong>of</strong> view <strong>of</strong>biography. Where I have been able to collate the original letters I have preserved everything as MissKeller wrote it, punctuation, spelling, and all. I have done nothing but select and cut.<strong>The</strong> letters are arranged in chronological order. One or two letters from Bishop Brooks, Dr. Holmes,and Whittier are put immediately after the letters to which they are replies. Except for two or three
- Page 4 and 5: These happy days did not last long.
- Page 6 and 7: This vexed me and the lesson always
- Page 8 and 9: providing the doll with eyes. A bri
- Page 10 and 11: Chapter VI recall many incidents of
- Page 12 and 13: Sullivan touched my forehead and sp
- Page 14 and 15: into zones and poles confused and t
- Page 16 and 17: I found surprises, not in the stock
- Page 18 and 19: my foot struck against a rock and t
- Page 20 and 21: gorgeous swamp-flowers such as grow
- Page 22 and 23: In 1890 Mrs. Lamson, who had been o
- Page 24 and 25: Mr. Anagnos was delighted with "The
- Page 26 and 27: I am afraid I have not yet complete
- Page 28 and 29: captain showed me Columbus's cabin
- Page 30 and 31: I remember especially the walks we
- Page 32 and 33: joined them in many of their games,
- Page 34 and 35: week on my typewriter, corrected th
- Page 36 and 37: get home. I write the exercises, da
- Page 38 and 39: of college have changed.While my da
- Page 40 and 41: monkeys and foxes.But I love "The J
- Page 42 and 43: memories. The bright, gentle, fanci
- Page 44 and 45: from the different warships were en
- Page 46 and 47: If I happen to be all alone and in
- Page 48 and 49: sympathy, and whose sweet, rich nat
- Page 52 and 53: important letters of 1901, these se
- Page 54 and 55: Boston. I went to Knoxville with fa
- Page 56 and 57: first encounter with the sea, of wh
- Page 58 and 59: and many old things that came in th
- Page 60 and 61: long alleys, and the poor little gi
- Page 62 and 63: mocking bird is singing them to sle
- Page 64 and 65: Mr. Wilson came to call on us one T
- Page 66 and 67: to make sounds like my little playm
- Page 68 and 69: wanted),--the teeth, the lips, the
- Page 70 and 71: me through the day. I do not wonder
- Page 72 and 73: than sixteen hundred dollars.TO MR.
- Page 74 and 75: make our "tea" a success, and I am
- Page 76 and 77: which I can treasure in my memory f
- Page 78 and 79: ...Every one at the Fair was very k
- Page 80 and 81: Liberty is a gigantic figure of a w
- Page 82 and 83: late. We have seen our kind friends
- Page 84 and 85: however this may be, I cannot now w
- Page 86 and 87: from my Greek and Mathematics, espe
- Page 88 and 89: experience last Monday. A kind frie
- Page 90 and 91: of character. I was a good deal amu
- Page 92 and 93: Perhaps, if you would send a copy o
- Page 94 and 95: except indeed by those who are host
- Page 96 and 97: I have always accepted other people
- Page 98 and 99: helplessness of the blind before Dr
- Page 100 and 101:
can do is to give a few more facts
- Page 102 and 103:
Much of her knowledge comes to her
- Page 104 and 105:
hall or along the veranda, her hand
- Page 106 and 107:
constructive reasoning; and she was
- Page 108 and 109:
As Mr. Anagnos was the head of a gr
- Page 110 and 111:
me a cheery welcome and a hearty ha
- Page 112 and 113:
chair from under me. She kept this
- Page 114 and 115:
I have just heard something that su
- Page 116 and 117:
the king's highway than hem a handk
- Page 118 and 119:
when I hid the spool, she looked fo
- Page 120 and 121:
it is not three months yet since sh
- Page 122 and 123:
investigations. Besides the chicken
- Page 124 and 125:
evident from her face, which was fl
- Page 126 and 127:
the readiness with which she compre
- Page 128 and 129:
conversation. Her passion for writi
- Page 130 and 131:
Helen, and did everything they coul
- Page 132 and 133:
This morning she asked me the meani
- Page 134 and 135:
people to be good." He put her answ
- Page 136 and 137:
may be necessary in some stages of
- Page 138 and 139:
"I put my little babies to sleep in
- Page 140 and 141:
know where they are going, and what
- Page 142 and 143:
wind rolled a little lock of it tha
- Page 144 and 145:
In selecting books for Helen to rea
- Page 146 and 147:
I explained to her that she was not
- Page 148 and 149:
A moment after she said, "Will you
- Page 150 and 151:
I think much of the fluency with wh
- Page 152 and 153:
played by herself.Mr. John D. Wrigh
- Page 154 and 155:
or three middle tones. Her voice ha
- Page 156 and 157:
and the highest and most abstract i
- Page 158 and 159:
great world to have an opportunity
- Page 160 and 161:
Dear Sir: Since my paper was prepar
- Page 162 and 163:
it is evident that it must have com
- Page 164 and 165:
she still considers her own as orig
- Page 166 and 167:
northern flowers, or delicate littl
- Page 168 and 169:
You must know that King Frost, like
- Page 170 and 171:
her.'I do not feel that I can add a
- Page 172 and 173:
to see things like that. "Twelve so
- Page 174 and 175:
Teacher had been with me nearly two
- Page 176 and 177:
chant of the brevity of life, of th
- Page 178 and 179:
Acheron could not be bribed by gold