PIRLS 2006 Encyclopedia

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PIRLS 2006 EncyclopediaSuggested ReadingElkonin D. (1995). How to teach children to read.In the International Academy of Pedagogics(Eds.), The selected psychological works (inRussian) (pp. 174-202). Moscow: Znanie.Goretsky, V., & Fedosova, N. (2001). Instructionalguide to teach reading and writing (inRussian). Moscow: Prosveschchenie.Solovejchik, M.S., Zhedek, P.S., & Svetlovskaja,N. N. (1993). Russian language in primaryclasses: Theory and practice of teaching (inRussian). Moscow: Enlightenment.Agarkova, N. G., Bugrimenko, E. A., Zhedek,P. S., & Zukerman, G. A. (1993). Teachingto read and write on the base of the Elkoninsystem (in Russian). Moscow: Enlightenment.References1 Federal Service of State Statistics. (2006).Expenditures of consolidated budget ofthe Russian Federatoin on socio-culturalarrangements in 2005. Retrieved March 3,2007, from http://www.gks.ru/free.doc/2006/rus06e/22-03.htm2 Federal Service of State Statistics. (2006).Number of general education institutions..Retrieved March 3, 2007, from http://www.gks.ru/free.doc/2006/rus06e/08-03.htm3 Federal Agency for Education. Ministry ofEducation and Science4 Ibid.5 Ibid.6 Ibid.7 Ibid.9 Ministry of Education of Russian Federation.The state education standard of primaryeducation. Moscow: Author.9 Ministry of Education of Russian Federation.Assessment of the quality of knowledge of thegraduates of primary school. Moscow: Author.10 Ministry of Education of Russian Federation.(2004). The state education standard ofprimary education. Retrieved March 3, 2007,from http://www.ed.gov.ru/ob-edu/noc/rub/standart/p1/128711 Ministry of Education of Russian Federation.(2006). The state education standard of higherprofessional education. Retrieved March 3,2007, from http://www.edu.ru/db/portal/spe/index.htmRussian Federation340
Claire HodgsonNational Foundation for Educational ResearchScotlandLanguage and LiteracyIn Scotland, the official language and language of instruction in most schools is English.However, in the 2004–05 school year, there were 61 (3%) publicly funded primary schoolsoffering a Gaelic-medium education. 1 The main minority ethnic groups in Scotlandare Pakistani, Chinese, and Indian. The main community languages are Urdu, Punjabi,Chinese, Polish, and Italian. 2According to the 2001 General Census of Scotland, there are two indigenous heritagelanguages in Scotland: Scottish Gaelic, with almost 59,000 people who speak this language(over 1% of the population), and Scots, which incorporates a range of local dialects and issometimes considered an autonomous language. 3 More people in Scotland speak Scotsthan Scottish Gaelic, although the number has not been determined. 4Teachers are encouraged to build on the diversity of culture and language intheir schools by fostering a respect for and interest in each student’s first languageand its literature. Where resources allow, students develop proficiency in othercommunity languages.Scotland has several programs and initiatives that promote literacy in the home, aswell as in schools. The goal of the home reading initiative, Read Together, is to encouragemore parents to read with their children. Since its launch in 2002, nearly £2 millionhas been invested in more than 1,700 home reading projects, including lending talkingbooks and setting up a “dad’s drop-in club” to get fathers more involved in their children’sreading. 5 At the start of 2006, a new initiative, Scotland Reads, was piloted to promoteliteracy skills. In this program, 16- to 25‐year‐old volunteers work with children and sharethe enjoyment of reading. 6 Another initiative has made funding (£65 million) available,until the year 2008, to help adults improve their levels of literacy and numeracy skills.In the first 5 years of the initiative, 137,000 adults were helped. 7Overview of the Education SystemThe First Minister for Scotland is responsible to the Scottish Parliament for the overallsupervision and development of the education service in Scotland and for legislationaffecting Scottish education, through the Scottish Executive Education Department andthe Scottish Executive Enterprise, Transport, and Lifelong Learning Department. Thesetwo departments determine broad national goals and standards, formulate national341
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Teacher Education and Certification
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IntroductionTable 7 Primary Grade T
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Federal Ministry for Education, Art
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HungaryIldiko BalazsiPéter Balkán
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