PIRLS 2006 Encyclopedia

SECONDARY EDUCATION(academic, vocational, technical)Figure 1 The Structure of Education in the United StatesPIRLS 2006 EncyclopediaPostdoctoral study and researchPh.D or advancedprofessional degreeMaster’s degreeBachelor’s degreeAssociate’s degreeor certificateVocational/technicalinstitutionsDoctor’s degree studyMaster’s degree studyJunior or communitycollegesProfessional schools(medicine, theology,law, etc.)Undergraduate programs765432POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION(college, university, professional, vocational, technical)117121615144-year High schoolsSenior high schoolsCombined, junior,or senior high schools11109131211MiddleschoolsJunior high schools876109876Elementary (or primary) schools54321ELEMENTARY(or primary) EDUCATION543KindergartensNursery schoolsKPKAGEGRADESOURCE: Snyder, T.D., Tan, A.G., & Hoffman, C.M. (2006). Digest of education statistics, 2005 (NCES 2006–030).U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.In 2005, funding for Reading First was about $1 billion, serving approximately 4,700schools in 1,400 school districts. 22Reading StandardsThere is no national curriculum for reading in the United States. States have eachdeveloped their own standards for reading. These are based, to varying degrees, on thestandards developed by professional associations, a report from the National ReadingPanel entitled Teaching Children to Read, 23 and widely accepted research findings.United StatesTIMSS & PIRLSInternational Study CenterLynch School of Education, Boston College 427