4VariacionEvolucion2b copy.pdf - Instituto de Ecología

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Agave lechuguilla"Population Genetics!13 loci, isozymes !!High levels of geneticvariation, slightly morein the South!!InbreedingMore homozygotes!in the North!more heterozygotes inthe South!Fig. 1a)Expected Heterozygocity (He)b)Observed Heterozygocity (Ho)0.60.5 1 2 30.40.30.20.109581046 M 7202122232425262728293031320.70.61 2 30.5A A0.4A0.30.20.10Expected Heterozygosity!Latitu<strong>de</strong> (°)Observed Heterozygosity!456 M 9710B B B8BC BC BCBCC20212223242526272829303132Latitu<strong>de</strong> (°)
UPGMAD= -ln(I)!I= Jxy/ (JxJy) 1/2!!0.0230.770.0070.93123SouthAgavelechuguilla0.080.70.0640.0350.410.280.0420.070.0510.270.0190.534658MCentral0.130.0380.359North0.8970.321.0010AgaveA. victoriae - reginaevictoriae - reginae.30.20.10.00Nei´s Genetic Distance!a clear correlation between pollinators, !floral traits and genetic structure!
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Variación Genética!EVOLUCION!!Dr.
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POPULATION GENETICS (= MICROEVOLUTI
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Gen: unidad de herencia que setrasm
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Genes en autosomas y en cromosomass
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Genetic material at the molecular l
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17% of Arabidopsis genome is in “
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Average length of each gene: 1.9 kb
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Genomes and genetics are morecompli
Page 20 and 21: VARIACIÓN GENÉTICA:1) EL PRIMER P
Page 22 and 23: POBLACION IDEAL!!modelo, poblacione
Page 24 and 25: N individuals!Frequencies de A= p 0
Page 26 and 27: !Números Frecuencias F. alélicasg
Page 28 and 29: Equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg!1 = p
Page 30 and 31: A 1 A 1 =p 2 !A 1 A 2 =2pq!A 2 A 2
Page 32 and 33: Th. Dobzhansky de sus!experimentos
Page 34 and 35: Lo contrasta con el !“modelo clá
Page 36 and 37: Los resultados del programa de inve
Page 38 and 39: Datos antes de Lewontin!Variación
Page 40 and 41: Evidencia etnobotánicay botánica
Page 42 and 43: Bases genética sencilla, !variaci
Page 44 and 45: Análisis genéticos: !Variación C
Page 46 and 47: Volume10 × 10 8d40Citogenéticos:
Page 48 and 49: El genoma en la familia Cucurbitace
Page 50 and 51: Gong y Lelley (2008) reportan el ma
Page 52 and 53: Así podemos ver los genes recesivo
Page 54 and 55: Si el 2o. cromosoma es el 40% del g
Page 56 and 57: letales, 37%!letales, 55%!Variació
Page 58 and 59: h 2 heredabilidad sentido restringi
Page 60 and 61: Ajolote vs salamandra (A. mexicanum
Page 63: H esperada en !HW!0 a 1...!
Page 68 and 69: La variación en poblaciones!natura
Page 70: Medidas de variación genética.!Da
Page 75: More than 2,200 studies have report
Page 79 and 80: Marcadoresderivados del PCR:!!AFLPs
Page 81 and 82: Agave striata ssp. striata!6 popula
Page 83 and 84: Genetic variation (47 loci, 12 popu
Page 85 and 86: More geneticvariation in theNorth!m
Page 87 and 88: Dos especies mezcaleras muycercanas
Page 89 and 90: Mapa
Page 91 and 92: Variación Genética en Agave, espe
Page 93 and 94: Structure: Análsis Bayesiano para
Page 95 and 96: Dendograma UPGMA basando en las dis
Page 97 and 98: VARIACIÓN GENÉTICA EN AGAVE"He, h
Page 99 and 100: HILDE NYBOM!Comparison of different
Page 101 and 102: Ferriol et al. ( 2004) C.moschata,
Page 103 and 104: polymorphic loci and number of poly
Page 106 and 107: 237 plants, 172 accession, 93 micro
Page 108 and 109: each subspecies seems to be!well di
Page 111 and 112: Balsas=*!
Page 113 and 114: Domesticated from parviglumis!More
Page 115 and 116: Proportion of Polymorphic Loci P!1!
Page 117 and 118: Agaves!Expected Heterozygosity H s!
Page 119 and 120: Variación Genética a NivelMolecul
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Cloroplasto rbcL,matK, trnL, y dose
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Cloroplasto, 3 genes!2128 pb!Natali
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Variación !Genética a !Nivel Mole
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Two basic measure of genetic variat
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Another measure is Watterson (1975)
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Indirect estimates of Natural!Selec
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E. coli...gene sec size(pb) π θ T
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Tajima´s D (1983) has some problem
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Alcohol dehydrogenase, Adh!Cummings
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pi en !diferentes!organismos!
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pi highest values in red!pi lower v
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SNPs de muchos genes!(single nucleo
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SNP!20cromosomas!!cromo. 21!!
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Molecular Ecology (2010) 19, 1162-1
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Genetic signals of origin, spread,
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ly separated clusters, but evidence
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esults strongly suggest that maize
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21 millones !de snps!
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DNA!fósil: Moas, !Dinornis!machos!
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Helix aspersa introducida en 1930!E
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Loshumanostenemosbaja!variacióngen
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Lasespecies!con pocao nula!variaci
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Hobs.!Sitios con mucha variación:
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Secuencias ADN: mismatches, compara
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Deriva Génica (Foose 1986).!!La va
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A mayor N e se mantiene más var. g
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A mayor N se mantiene más var. gen
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!El material genético constituye u
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4VariacionEvolucion2b copy.pdf - Instituto de Ecología

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