Multiplet Effects in X-ray Absorption - Inorganic Chemistry and ...

62 F. de Groot / Coordination Chemistry Reviews 249 (2005) 31–63channels of the nitrogen bonded to the surface one can measurethe 1s XAS spectrum of only this atom [42]. Anotherselectivity can be obtained towards the spin of the absorbingatom. A spin-up core hole will interact differently thana spin-down core hole with the valence spins, and it is relativelyeasy to show that the 1s2p and 1s3p XES signalshave a completely different spectral shape for spin-up andspin-down. These processes are local and as such one ismeasuring local spin states, i.e. for an antiferromagnet anda paramagnet one will measure also a spin-selective signal[75–78].4. OutlookIn this review I have given an overview of the use of multipleteffects in X-ray spectroscopy, with an emphasis onX-ray absorption experiments of coordination compounds.It can be expected that this field will further develop in theyears to come. In particular multiplet theory is still in its infancywith regard to the complete description of the chemicalbonding in coordination complexes and aspects suchas -bonding and back bonding should be better described.This also implies a more general description of the groundstate of the systems and ideally a unified description of 2pX-ray absorption and its dichroism, in combination with experimentssuch as EPR and optical dichroism.On the experimental side a range of new experimentaltechniques is being developed, in particular with respect tomeasurements under extreme conditions and under workingconditions of, for example, catalysts and electrochemicalcells. A beautiful new experiment is the photo-excitedpicosecond X-ray absorption experiment [79] that will beapplied to transitions metal edges.References[1] J.J. Rehr, R.C. Albers, Rev. Modern Phys. 72 (2000) 621.[2] J.J. Rehr, A.L. Ankudinov, J. Synchrotron Radiat. 8 (2001) 61.[3] M. Taillefumier, D. Cabaret, A.M. Flank, F. Mauri, Phys. 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