Aerial Investigation and Mapping Report - English Heritage

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unclear, especially as the long barrow mound cannot be identified on available aerialphotographs.The relationship of early fields with round barrows offers a different set of problems. Ithas been suggested that field systems may have deliberately incorporated earlierearthworks such as round barrows. However, at the same time there is evidence thatround barrows continued to be built well into the Middle Bronze Age, after theestablishment of the field systems they were associated with, for example Itford Hill,where Ann Ellison distinguished several phases of settlement within a field system, anddemonstrated that a potsherd from one of the later phases of settlement fitted an almostcomplete vessel recovered from a nearby barrow (Ellison 1978, 36). Further afield, onCranborne Chase, excavation evidence has linked burial monuments with settlementenclosures, the latter appearing some time after the appearance of field systems (Barrettet al 1991, 224-5). Moreover, as new discoveries continue to push the date of the earliestfield systems in southern England further back into the early 2 nd millennium BC ( Forexample Martin et al 2012), there is now a considerable chronological overlap betweenround barrows and field systems in general.Figure 13 Field systems and round barrows at Heathy Brow (left) and above Holwell both near BeachyHead (right). Background mapping © Crown copyright and database right 2013, all rights reserved.Licence number 100024900.Despite the difficulties with dating, there are some interesting relationships worthexploring further. For example, at the eastern end of Heathy Brow (TV 591962), a line ofthree round barrows, the largest around 20 metres in diameter, lie at the eastern end of asizeable block of fields (Fig 13 left). On the slopes above Holywell (TV 59599696)another round barrow lies close to the northern limit of a different block of fields. Itappears to sit beside a gap in the field boundary earthworks, making it unclear if a preexistingbarrow has been used as a marker in defining the limits of the field system (Fig 13right). At the western end of Heathy Brow (TV 58779609), a ring ditch is located in thecorner of an almost square field, with hints that the banks of the field system may partlyoverlie its ditch (Fig 14 left). Above East Dean (TV 562975), three ring ditches lie within a© ENGLISH HERITAGE 21 22 - 2013
large sub-rectangular field that is also partly sub-divided by a curving length of ditch (Fig 14right).Within these field systems there are also plenty of examples of unusually shaped fieldsthat may offer clues to the whereabouts of settlement sites. This method wasdemonstrated during the Bullock Down Project, when excavation uncovered a traces ofRomano-British settlement (TV 57709622) where the gap between the two banks of adouble-lynchet trackway was noticeably broader (Drewett 1982, 97).Figure 14 Field systems and round barrows at the western end of Heathy Brow (left) and above EastDean both near Beachy Head. Background mapping © Crown copyright and database right 2013, allrights reserved. Licence number 100024900.Ewe Dene DownThe lynchet-defined fields existing across Tenantry Ground and Deep Dean (an areareferred to by Curwen in 1928 as Ewe Dene Down, the name preferred here), locatedbetween Litlington and Wilmington, are worth examining in closer detail (Fig 15). Thearea features a number of the issues described above – the presence of round barrowsand of unusually shaped fields, for example – as well as possessing good, early aerialphotographic cover (Fig 16).This field system was an often-used example, during the inter-war years, when study ofearly fields and prehistoric cultivation practices was very much in vogue following theCurwen’s and Crawford’s demonstration of the survival of extensive prehistoricagricultural landscapes,– probably because of the quality of the aerial photographs. Thephotographs concerned were from the previously mentioned batch taken in 1925 by theAircraft Operating Company, for the Ordnance Survey and used by Curwen as the basisfor his 1928 paper The Antiquities of Windover Hill (see below).Unusually, Curwen seems not to have surveyed the field system. On his 1928 publishedsite plan, he mapped the location of the features at the northern end of the spur – the© ENGLISH HERITAGE 22 22 - 2013
Page 1 and 2: RESEARCH REPORT SERIES no. 22-2013S
Page 3 and 4: Cover Photograph: Cuckmere Haven, t
Page 5: ARCHIVE LOCATIONEnglish Heritage,Th
Page 8 and 9: Figure 1 Revised project area......
Page 10 and 11: INTRODUCTIONThis report describes t
Page 12 and 13: Weald cut through the Downs forming
Page 14 and 15: Monument records in the NRHE AMIE d
Page 16 and 17: ‘Although there are up to 20…,
Page 18 and 19: Figure 5 Toms’ 1920 survey (left)
Page 20 and 21: Subsequent survey by the Ordnance S
Page 22 and 23: The evidence from aerial photograph
Page 24: on aerial photographs as differenti
Page 27 and 28: Although just outside the project a
Page 29: Figure 12 General view of the easte
Page 33 and 34: cultivators of these lynchets’ (i
Page 35 and 36: Forest and Lullington Heath - 37 ly
Page 37 and 38: SHEEP AND THE DEVIL’S BOOKFrom th
Page 39 and 40: ‘Celtic’ fields immediately to
Page 41 and 42: The 1835 reference to the earthwork
Page 43 and 44: Figure 20 Medieval and post medieva
Page 45 and 46: Figure 22 An early example of by-pa
Page 47 and 48: absence of a winch on earlier maps
Page 49 and 50: Figure 23 Extents of South Camp, ba
Page 51 and 52: 1988, 234). The grouping of 40 huts
Page 53 and 54: indicating probable re-use for mili
Page 55 and 56: 30th January 1943. The wind velocit
Page 57 and 58: the town appeared to be rendered in
Page 59 and 60: Movement upriver was hindered by pi
Page 61 and 62: ground surface. A Diver site was lo
Page 63 and 64: mouth with lines of pontoons and
Page 65 and 66: Figure 33 Trenches aligned approxim
Page 67 and 68: The aerial photographs taken by the
Page 69 and 70: However, for his painting Coastal D
Page 71 and 72: war aerial photographs show a group
Page 73 and 74: Figure 40 Camouflage netting over t
Page 75 and 76: Description of the current Long Man
Page 77 and 78: which would certainly fit with sugg
Page 79 and 80: separate from it. The toes of the t
Page 81 and 82:
other parts of the body, and indeed
Page 83 and 84:
lip of a large chalk quarry, was, a
Page 85 and 86:
something for which the likes of Pe
Page 87:
Hill and the Lavant Caves, both nea
Page 90 and 91:
to the present day…’ (Butler &
Page 92 and 93:
least was unsupported by evidence f
Page 94 and 95:
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
Page 96 and 97:
documentary sources or fieldwork. N
Page 98 and 99:
Barber M, Wickstead, H in press Dam
Page 100 and 101:
Drewett, P 1978 Neolithic Sussex, i
Page 102 and 103:
Lowry, B (eds) 2001 20 th Century D
Page 104:
ENGLISH HERITAGE RESEARCH AND THE H
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