Aerial Investigation and Mapping Report - English Heritage

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This area, where the NE-SW bank meets the linear earthwork, is intriguing for a numberof reasons. On the southwestern side of the linear bank and ditch, opposite the pointwhere the NE-SW bank appears to terminate, is a small square field defined on all sidesby lynchets. Within this small field is a round barrow. Immediately to the east of theround barrow is a curious fork in the bank of the linear earthwork, which seems tosuggest that originally this linear bank may have been aligned on the barrow beforechanging direction. At the southern corner of this small square field is another roundbarrow, which seems – from the aerial photographs at least – to sit on top of the junctionof lynchets at this corner. It seems curious that this relationship was not remarked on byCrawford, Curwen, or anyone else who published this photograph.Another round barrow is located towards the northeastern limit of the field system. It sitsvery close to the other, northeastern, terminal of the linear bank running NE-SW alongthe spine of the hill. Again, there appears to be a close relationship between this barrowand the adjacent lynchets, but on the aerial photographs it is impossible to suggest asequence. In fact, on the 1925 verticals, there does appear to be a slight but distinct gapbetween the barrow and the nearest lynchet.Exploration of these relationships, through analytical earthwork survey followed up byfurther targeted work, would provide important information on the dates anddevelopment of the field systems on Ewe Dean Down, and more generally on the Sussexchalk downs.© ENGLISH HERITAGE 27 22 - 2013
SHEEP AND THE DEVIL’S BOOKFrom the fold to the pastureIn the 1780s the agricultural writer Arthur Young (1714-1820) calculated that during thesummer the South Downs held 270,000 sheep and had stated that ‘I know of no lands inthe Kingdom, rich marshes excepted, which are stocked in such a proportion’ (ArthurYoung 1788 quoted in Youatt 1837, 234). The value of sheep not only lay in their wooland meat but also in the invaluable role they played in manuring the arable fields and onthe South Downs, manuring had been the main role of sheep throughout the medievalperiod (Brandon 1999, 58-78). There is also evidence that the flocks on the easterndowns in particular were also prized for their wool from the 14th century onwards(Brandon 1999, 64-65). Extensive arable fields, and new fodder crops introduced fromthe 17th century enabled sufficient winter and early spring feed to be produced for themuch larger 18th century flocks (Brandon 1999, 108).Figure 18 Evidence of medieval or post medieval ploughing, in the form of strip lynchets, on steep slopesin the coombes above Piddinghoe and the Ouse Valley. Background mapping © Crown copyright anddatabase right 2013, all rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900.© ENGLISH HERITAGE 28 22 - 2013
Page 1 and 2: RESEARCH REPORT SERIES no. 22-2013S
Page 3 and 4: Cover Photograph: Cuckmere Haven, t
Page 5: ARCHIVE LOCATIONEnglish Heritage,Th
Page 8 and 9: Figure 1 Revised project area......
Page 10 and 11: INTRODUCTIONThis report describes t
Page 12 and 13: Weald cut through the Downs forming
Page 14 and 15: Monument records in the NRHE AMIE d
Page 16 and 17: ‘Although there are up to 20…,
Page 18 and 19: Figure 5 Toms’ 1920 survey (left)
Page 20 and 21: Subsequent survey by the Ordnance S
Page 22 and 23: The evidence from aerial photograph
Page 24: on aerial photographs as differenti
Page 27 and 28: Although just outside the project a
Page 29 and 30: Figure 12 General view of the easte
Page 31 and 32: large sub-rectangular field that is
Page 33 and 34: cultivators of these lynchets’ (i
Page 35: Forest and Lullington Heath - 37 ly
Page 39 and 40: ‘Celtic’ fields immediately to
Page 41 and 42: The 1835 reference to the earthwork
Page 43 and 44: Figure 20 Medieval and post medieva
Page 45 and 46: Figure 22 An early example of by-pa
Page 47 and 48: absence of a winch on earlier maps
Page 49 and 50: Figure 23 Extents of South Camp, ba
Page 51 and 52: 1988, 234). The grouping of 40 huts
Page 53 and 54: indicating probable re-use for mili
Page 55 and 56: 30th January 1943. The wind velocit
Page 57 and 58: the town appeared to be rendered in
Page 59 and 60: Movement upriver was hindered by pi
Page 61 and 62: ground surface. A Diver site was lo
Page 63 and 64: mouth with lines of pontoons and
Page 65 and 66: Figure 33 Trenches aligned approxim
Page 67 and 68: The aerial photographs taken by the
Page 69 and 70: However, for his painting Coastal D
Page 71 and 72: war aerial photographs show a group
Page 73 and 74: Figure 40 Camouflage netting over t
Page 75 and 76: Description of the current Long Man
Page 77 and 78: which would certainly fit with sugg
Page 79 and 80: separate from it. The toes of the t
Page 81 and 82: other parts of the body, and indeed
Page 83 and 84: lip of a large chalk quarry, was, a
Page 85 and 86: something for which the likes of Pe
Page 87:
Hill and the Lavant Caves, both nea
Page 90 and 91:
to the present day…’ (Butler &
Page 92 and 93:
least was unsupported by evidence f
Page 94 and 95:
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
Page 96 and 97:
documentary sources or fieldwork. N
Page 98 and 99:
Barber M, Wickstead, H in press Dam
Page 100 and 101:
Drewett, P 1978 Neolithic Sussex, i
Page 102 and 103:
Lowry, B (eds) 2001 20 th Century D
Page 104:
ENGLISH HERITAGE RESEARCH AND THE H
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