Aerial Investigation and Mapping Report - English Heritage

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SUMMARYThis survey involved the interpretation, transcription and recording of all archaeologicalfeatures seen on aerial photographs for part of the South Downs within East Sussex. Theproject area included the coast from Peacehaven to the western edge of Eastbourne,areas of downland and parts of the Ouse and Cuckmere river valleys. This reportexplores some of the key themes identified during the project.This survey is one of three projects designed to characterise the historic environment insample areas of the South Downs National Park (see Carpenter 2008, Young 2011). Theresults also complemented the South East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey(Hamel & Lambert 2011; Dickson, Janik, Priest & Royall 2012).The project contributed toNational Heritage Protection Plan (NHPP) Measure 3 Activity 3A4 Identification ofterrestrial assets via non-intrusive survey (RASMIS Project Number 5868 NMP S Downs).The project recorded 655 previously unknown archaeological features and amendeddetails for 265 in the English Heritage National Record of the Historic EnvironmentArchaeological features were recorded with potential dates ranging from the Neolithicthrough to the modern period. Extensive areas of lyncheted field systems highlight thepossibility of, as yet undiscovered, associated enclosed settlements and the need tocarefully consider the relationships of the fields to Bronze Age round barrows and otherfeatures on the Downs. Perhaps one of the most iconic features of this part of the Downsis the Long Man of Wilmington. This hill figure is discussed and its relationship to thenearby earthworks whose perceived antiquity influenced the dating of the Long Man.Dewponds and a livestock enclosure are testament to the sheep kept on the downs.Numerous works were undertaken to improve both the drainage of the Ouse valley andthe navigation of the river itself and evidence of earlier episodes of these works wereidentified. There is good evidence of the First World War army camps at Seaford, andextensive military remains dating to the Second World War. These reflect both the threatof attack from the air or invasion as well as the widespread military training undertakenacross much of the downs. Representations of wartime Newhaven on aerial photographsand in war art are discussed.CONTRIBUTORSThe interpretation, transcription and recording were carried out by Edward Carpenter,Fiona Small, Martyn Barber, Robert Skinner, and Cathy Stoertz. Edward Carpenter, MartynBarber and Fiona Small wrote the report. Helen Winton compiled and edited the reportand produced some of the illustrations.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThanks to Luke Griffin and the English Heritage Archive Services team for supplying theexceptionally large numbers of photographs. Thanks to Gregory Chuter and staff at EastSussex County Council for information, help and advice. Thanks to Richard Beckett,Newhaven Historical Society for information regarding wartime Newhaven. Thanks toMargaret Thorburn for the kind gift of her publication on the Ouse Valley. Finally, thanksto Alun Martin, librarian of the Cambridge University Collection of Aerial Photography forthe loan of their photographs.© ENGLISH HERITAGE 22-2013
ARCHIVE LOCATIONEnglish Heritage,The Engine House,Fire Fly Avenue,Swindon,SN2 2EHDATE OF SURVEY2009-10 & 2012CONTACT DETAILSHelen WintonAerial Investigation & Mapping,English Heritage,The Engine House,Fire Fly Avenue,Swindon,SN2 2EHwww.english-heritage.org.uk/aerialsurvey© ENGLISH HERITAGE 22-2013
Page 1 and 2: RESEARCH REPORT SERIES no. 22-2013S
Page 3: Cover Photograph: Cuckmere Haven, t
Page 8 and 9: Figure 1 Revised project area......
Page 10 and 11: INTRODUCTIONThis report describes t
Page 12 and 13: Weald cut through the Downs forming
Page 14 and 15: Monument records in the NRHE AMIE d
Page 16 and 17: ‘Although there are up to 20…,
Page 18 and 19: Figure 5 Toms’ 1920 survey (left)
Page 20 and 21: Subsequent survey by the Ordnance S
Page 22 and 23: The evidence from aerial photograph
Page 24: on aerial photographs as differenti
Page 27 and 28: Although just outside the project a
Page 29 and 30: Figure 12 General view of the easte
Page 31 and 32: large sub-rectangular field that is
Page 33 and 34: cultivators of these lynchets’ (i
Page 35 and 36: Forest and Lullington Heath - 37 ly
Page 37 and 38: SHEEP AND THE DEVIL’S BOOKFrom th
Page 39 and 40: ‘Celtic’ fields immediately to
Page 41 and 42: The 1835 reference to the earthwork
Page 43 and 44: Figure 20 Medieval and post medieva
Page 45 and 46: Figure 22 An early example of by-pa
Page 47 and 48: absence of a winch on earlier maps
Page 49 and 50: Figure 23 Extents of South Camp, ba
Page 51 and 52: 1988, 234). The grouping of 40 huts
Page 53 and 54: indicating probable re-use for mili
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30th January 1943. The wind velocit
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the town appeared to be rendered in
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Movement upriver was hindered by pi
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ground surface. A Diver site was lo
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mouth with lines of pontoons and
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Figure 33 Trenches aligned approxim
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The aerial photographs taken by the
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However, for his painting Coastal D
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war aerial photographs show a group
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Figure 40 Camouflage netting over t
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Description of the current Long Man
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which would certainly fit with sugg
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separate from it. The toes of the t
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other parts of the body, and indeed
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lip of a large chalk quarry, was, a
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something for which the likes of Pe
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Hill and the Lavant Caves, both nea
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to the present day…’ (Butler &
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least was unsupported by evidence f
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
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documentary sources or fieldwork. N
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Barber M, Wickstead, H in press Dam
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Drewett, P 1978 Neolithic Sussex, i
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Lowry, B (eds) 2001 20 th Century D
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ENGLISH HERITAGE RESEARCH AND THE H
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