UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA - FKE - UTM

6CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 IntroductionIn this chapter, some of the technical knowledge and additional informationabout the current agriculture monitoring system were reviewed. Besides that, thetechnology, hardware specification and description behind the device used werealso discussed.2.2 Electronic Agriculture MonitoringWith the world’s population crossing the six billion mark and expected toincrease by another three billion over the next five decades, the world’s foodscenario is changing fast. Arable land resources being limited, the pressure onpresently productive land is greater than ever before. Per capita arable land isprojected to decline from about 0.23 ha in 2000 to about 0.15 ha by 2050 (Lal,1991). The global demand for food is projected to increase by 1.5–2 times (Dailyet al., 1998) due to the combined effects of a larger population and richer diet forthose ascending the economic ladder.Farmers throughout the world are constantly searching for ways tomaximize their returns. Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS),and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) may provide technologies needed forfarmers to maximize the economic and environmental benefits of precision