A review on White Spot Disease in penaeid ... - Middle East - OIE

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Environmental stressors• Disease outbreaks may be induced by stressors, as triggers for theexpression of the clinical disease, such as:• rapid changes in salinity that may act through osmotic stress.• The out break of the WSD in Iran in 2008(Sistan va Baluchestan Province)had occurred within a week after a heavy raining which made a rapidchange in salinity.• Water temperature has a profound effect on disease expression, withaverage water temperatures of below ~30°C being conducive to WSDoutbreaks.• Increasing the density of the shrimp per pond also can act as a stressor ifthe pond environmental factors are poorly managed. In most case of WSDoutbreak in Iran, poor management in the farms is believed to be the mainstressor for occurrence of the disease.
Vectors• Vectors of WSD include:• rotifers,• marine molluscs,• polychaete worms and• non-decapodal crustaceans including Artemia salina and• the copepods, as well as non-crustacean aquatic arthropods such as sea Slaters(Isopoda) and Euphydradae insect larvae.
Page 1: Ali Khatibi Tabar D.V.MDepartment o
Page 4 and 5: Aetiology• The causative agent of
Page 6: World Distribution• Prior to 1992
Page 14 and 15: Immunostimulants & vaccine• The c
Page 16 and 17: Clinical & gross signs• Infected
Page 18 and 19: Mortality
Page 20 and 21: White spots
Page 22 and 23: Histopathological findings• The h
Page 24 and 25: Histopathological findings12Histolo
Page 26 and 27: Laboratory methods• Diagnostic La
Page 28 and 29: PCR result of assessing the prevale
Page 30 and 31: Differential diagnosis of virus-ind
Page 32 and 33: Farm level biosecurity of WSSV• P
Page 34 and 35: Preventing the entry of WSSV in to
Page 36 and 37: Disease outbreak & its control• Q
Page 38 and 39: EradicationsEradication may not be
Page 40 and 41: Control & MitigationIf infection is
Page 42 and 43: Code of Practice 1388/44/01(summari
Page 44 and 45: Code of Practice 1388/44/01(summari
Page 46 and 47: DiscussionCurrent achievements and
Page 48: Thank You For Your Attention !

A review on White Spot Disease in penaeid ... - Middle East - OIE

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