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228schoolmaster in Steglitz, a suburb of Berlin. He led hispupils out of the classroom and insisted that they should seenature with their own eyes. In the field of education thiscorresponded to the innovation in painting known as pleindr.Karl Fischer‟s initiative developed into a youth movementwhich expressed an inner revolt against the formalismof the school and the machine of the factory. Youth felt ithad a right to romance and the excitement of the new, whichcould not be found within the four walls of the school. Itwanted to recreate a pioneer age, of which the last vestigehad disappeared centuries before, and wanted to formthrough personal experience a number of contacts with reallife. These young men went out to the country and broughtit closer to the city. They revived a cultural interest inGerman folksongs. They abolished social distinctions ofbirth and wealth and made comradeship their keynote.The Wandervoegel (birds of passage) grew in importance.Toward the beginning of the world war their groupswere important cultural and educational agencies. Therewas much talk in those days of a youth culture made especiallyfor young men and women, in which health and happinesswould play the leading rôle and textbooks and machineswould be relegated to their proper place.The war disrupted the movement, and it had to be recreatedagain. The nucleus of the new movement wasformed by boys of 17 and 18, who had taken no part in thewar and who, therefore, felt inferior toward their elders.They might have been expected to lead a revolt against