Newsletter No. 6 - Blue Mountains Association of Cultural Heritage ...

DIRECTOR OF HERITAGE TO SPEAKAT BMACHO MEETING THIS MONTHDirector of NSW Heritage Branch,Petula Samios has accepted aninvitation to be the guest speaker ata special meeting of BMACHO to beheld on Friday, November 20.The meeting will be held at theGlenbrook Bowling Clubcommencing at 2pm. A charge of$10 per person will be made tocover the cost of afternoon tea.Bookings are advisable andcheques made payable to BMACHOshould be mailed to BarrieReynolds, 40 Hume Avenue,Wentworth Falls 2782 beforeNovember 13.Ms Samios will speak on theworkings of the Heritage Branch andwhere it fits within the PlanningDepartment. She will also speak onrecent changes to the Heritage Act.Ms Samios has worked for theHeritage minister promised by CoalitionA promise to give heritage mattersan independent voice in a futureCoalition State government was wellreceived by about 30 members ofthe heritage sector who attended arecent meeting at Wentworth Falls.The Shadow Minister for ClimateChange and EnvironmentalSustainability, Catherine Cusack,MLC said a Coalition government inNSW would appoint a minister forheritage separate from the ministerfor planning and the minister forenvironment and climate change.“We will also move the HeritageCouncil out of the Department ofPlanning where its voice is silenced.“Our positive, practical plans willempower communities and ensureheritage issues receive the strongadvocacy they deserve.”Ms Cusack was the first of anumber of politicians from all partiesto be invited by BMACHO to speakabout their policies on heritage andhear first-hand about local heritageconcerns.The association has embarked on aprogram to better inform thecommunity and government at allDepartment of Planning for nearly30 years in variety of roles andfunctions: regional planning,property and development, urbanconsolidation, heritage, executivesupport, planning co-ordination,policy and strategic development.Prior to her joining the HeritageBranch in March 2008, she was theDirector of Metropolitan StrategyDevelopment which oversaw theimplementation of the MetropolitanStrategy and the production of theten metropolitan subregionalstrategies, and implementation ofSenior Living SEPP, SEPP 70 andSEPP 10. She also held regionaldirector positions in the SydneyNorth regional team and the SydneyEast r egional team.Her current focus has been tointegrate the former Heritage Officeinto the Department of Planninglevels about the need for a morestrategic approach to preservationand conservation of Australia’scultural heritage.“The Blue Mountains has a beautifulinheritance of natural, built andcultural heritage — we need tomake sure the heritage of placeslike the Blue Mountains has anadvocate in cabinet,” Ms Cusacktold the meeting.“Heritage items are today andtomorrow’s links to our community’syesterday.“Conserving them and experiencingthem connects our community andfuture communities to our history –and we are culturally andeducationally richer for it.“Currently the cause of heritageconservation lacks an independentadvocate within government.”In 2007, the Heritage Office wasrelocated into the Department ofPlanning compounding the conflictof interest faced by the planningminister and adding to theperceived lack of independencesurrounding heritage conservationin NSW.ensuring that there is a strongsynergy between heritage andplanning.The Branch is also working closelywith the regional planning Branchesand the assessment teams whichare responsible for thePart 3Aapplications.A new Thematic Listings programhas been initiated with a strongfocus for identifying new items onthe State Heritage Register whichare part of NSW history.Ms Samios is also responsible foroverseeing the recent amendmentsto the Heritage Act.This is the second in a series ofpublic lectures on Heritage policies,organised by the BMACHO.With one exception, every otherstate and territory ensures heritagehas an advocate at the cabinettable by appointing someone otherthan the minister for planning as theminister responsible for heritage.In most jurisdictions, includingfederally, heritage is located withinthe environment portfolio.The NSW Liberal Nationals havepromised to ensure that heritageconservation will be given a strongvoice in government and strengththrough Independence.Catherine Cusack, MLCHERITAGE5November - December 2009

CUSTOMS IN THE BLUE MOUNTAINSby Peter ChinnMention customs to anyone andthey’ll automatically connect withthe modern image of theorganisation so successfullyportrayed in the television series“Border Security”.Control of our borders andeconomic zone to preventsmuggling and entry of illegalimmigrants is undoubtedly theprincipal function of the organisationwhich is now known as theAustralian Customs and BorderProtection Service but up until fairlyrecent times there were many otheroperational responsibilities awayfrom the traditional customs areasof seaports and airports. One suchwas excise.Excise, at least so far as Australia isconcerned, has its origins inEngland when it was introduced asa temporary tax to help fund theCivil War in the 1640s. SamuelJohnson, in his 1755 dictionarydescribed excise as: ‘A hateful taxlevied upon commodities, andadjudged not by the commonjudges of property, but by wretcheshired by those to whom excise ispaid.’Excise is a duty levied on certainlocally-produced goods intended forhome consumption. The mainsources of this revenue today arepetroleum products, beer, spiritsand tobacco but in times past it wasalso payable on coal, playing cards,matches and sugar – to name but afew items – indeed a motleyassortment.The collection of customs andexcise duties has commonly beenthe responsibility of the onegovernment agency in manycountries of the world includingAustralia until 1998 when the excisefunction was transferred to theAustralian Taxation Office.In the United Kingdom, Australia’ssister organisation was HerMajesty’s Customs and Excise andin Australia excise was specificallyacknowledged in the title from 1956to 1975: the Department ofCustoms and Excise.In Australia, until about forty yearsago, goods subject to customs orA steam engine pulls tankers of fuel oil from Newnes shale oil refinery on the WolanValley railway line circa 1910. Photograph courtesy Peter Chinn.excise duties were under thephysical control of officers of theCustoms Department. Premiseswhere customable goods were keptor excisable goods weremanufactured were required to belicensed in accordance with therelevant acts and regulations.If an importer did not wish toimmediately pay customs duty atthe time of importation the goodswould go into a bonded warehousewhere a customs officer, known as“locker” was stationed. This officerkept the keys and controlled all thesecured areas of the bond (as thesepremises are known) and wouldrelease the goods when duty waspaid.In establishments producingexcisable goods such as breweries,distilleries and oil refineries therewas an excise officer, similarlyhaving custody of the keys to allstorage places, who wouldauthorise release of goods whenduty was paid.Which is by way of introduction tothe reason for the stationing of acustoms officer at Newnes Junction,near Bell, in the early 1940s.In 1938 with war on the horizon theCommonwealth and New SouthWales governments saw the needfor ensuring local supplies of fuel oiland backed National Oil Pty. Ltd. intheir project to establish an oilrefinery in the Capertee Valley.Petroleum products were to beextracted from the abundant shaledeposits found there, as had beenpreviously been done at the largerefinery in the adjacent WolganValley at Newnes which had finallyceased production in 1934.A town – Glen Davis - wasestablished in the Capertee Valleyand the refinery built, commencingoperations in 1940.As Glen Davis was remote from thenearest railhead on the Mudgeeline, fuel was pumped 65 kilometresto storage tanks at NewnesJunction via a five centimetrepipeline that ran from the refineryacross the mountain range to thesite of the abandoned Newnesrefinery and then along the route ofthe long-disused Wolgan Valleyrailway line.At Newnes Junction there were two2,000,000 gallon tanks as well asseveral smaller tanks where fuelwas stored until shipped to Sydneyby rail tank wagons. During WorldWar II five armed soldiers guardedthis facility.It appears that the need for themilitary presence was not dictatedby the threat of imminent Japaneseinvasion of this remote place butbecause of previous attempts (andsome successes) by thieves tappinginto the pipeline to steal theprecious rationed fuel.HERITAGE6November - December 2009

Merck 2012Corporate Governance105Statement onCorporate GovernanceAdditional variable compensation (Merck Long-Term Incentive Plan)In 2012, a long-term variable compensation component known as the Merck Long-Term Incentive Plan wasadded to the variable compensation of the members of the Executive Board. It aims to enhance the sustainabilityof the compensation system and to align it not only with target achievement based on key performanceindicators, but above all with a sustainable performance of Merck shares.Subject to the resolution of the Personnel Committee each year, under the Merck Long­ Term IncentivePlan the members of the Executive Board could be eligible to receive a certain number of virtual shares– Merck Share Units (MSUs) – at the end of a three-year performance cycle. The number of MSUs thatcould be received depends on the total value defined for the respective person and the average closingprice of Merck shares in Xetra trading during the last 60 trading days prior to January 1 of the respectivefiscal year (reference price). In order to participate in the Plan, members of the Executive Board mustpersonally own an investment in Merck shares equivalent to 10% of their respective fixed annual compensation,taking into account the equity interest held in E. Merck KG as a personally liable general partner.It is not permitted to sell these shares during the performance cycle. After termination of the three­ yearperformance cycle, the number of MSUs to be granted then is determined based on the developmentof two key performance indicators (KPIs). These are:a) the performance of the Merck share price compared to the DAX ® with a weighting of 70%, andb) the development of the EBITDA pre margin, during the performance cycle as a proportion of adefined target value with a weighting of 30%.Depending on the development of the KPIs, at the end of the respective performance cycle the membersof the Executive Board are granted between 0% and 150% of the MSUs they could be eligible to receive.Based on the number of MSUs granted, the members of the Executive Board receive a cash payment ata defined point in time in the year following the expiration of the three-year performance cycle. The valueof an MSU corresponds to the average closing price of Merck shares in Xetra trading during the last60 trading days prior to January 1 after the performance cycle. The payment amount is limited to threetimes the reference price. The net amount after taking tax into account is invested in Merck shares bythe members of the Executive Board. One third of these shares may be sold at the earliest one year aftertermination of the performance cycle, another third after two years, and another third after three years.In fiscal 2012, the following total values were specified for members of the Executive Board, whichresulted in the respective number of MSUs they were eligible to receive based upon the definitive referenceprice of Merck shares (60 trading days preceding January 1, 2012) of € 69.57: Karl-Ludwig Kley € 1.5 million(21,562 MSUs), Kai Beckmann € 1.0 million (14,375 MSUs), Stefan Oschmann € 1.0 million (14,375 MSUs),Bernd Reckmann € 1.0 million (14,375 MSUs), and Matthias Zachert € 1.0 million (14,375 MSUs).For fiscal 2013, the Personnel Committee authorized the Chairman of the Personnel Committee toassign potential numbers of MSUs to the Executive Board members for a performance cycle from January 1,2013 to December 31, 2015. The following total values were defined as the initial basis: Karl- Ludwig Kley€ 1.5 million, Kai Beckmann € 1.0 milion, Stefan Oschmann € 1.0 milion, Bernd Reckmann € 1.0 million andMatthias Zachert € 1.0 million.Additional benefitsThe members of the Executive Board also receive certain additional benefits, mainly contributions to insurancepolicies as well as a company car, which they are entitled to use privately. The members of the ExecutiveBoard must declare these benefits in their tax returns. Overall, the value of other additional benefits totaled€ 122 thousand in 2012 (2011: € 121 thousand). Of this amount, in 2012 € 28 thousand was attributable to

ANZAC HERO GET NEW HEADSTONEThe Lawson Cemetery grave ofHenry James Hunter a World War 1veteran is to be re-dedicated withthe headstone reflecting his warservice record service.Recently members of the BlueMountains Family History Society,Lynne Tocher and Suzanne Voytaswere involved with the project ofupdating the cemetery records atthe Lawson Public Cemetery.While checking data they cameacross a badly neglected graveand the inscription on theheadstone stated that the personwas an ANZAC. There was noofficial emblem displayed and theresearchers felt that if the personwas an ANZAC he deserved abetter memorial.When they contacted the Office ofthe Australian War GravesCommission, they were told thatbefore any work could be done torestore the grave, it wasnecessary to find any livingdescendants and obtain theirpermission.For family history researchers thatwas easy.BMACHO committee member, DrPeter Stanbury, recently spent overtwo months working in the NationalMuseum of Cambodia in PhnomPenh as a volunteer in theAustralian Business Volunteersscheme (see website http://www.abv.org.au/).It was found that Henry JamesHunter had three grandchildren.Sadly his descendants were notaware of their grandfather, letalone any knowledge of his WorldWar 1 service record.Henry James Hunter enlisted onSeptember 24, 1914 at the age of46 years and his service numberwas 1066, with a rank of private.His unit 1 st Battalion, C Companyembarked from Sydney onTransport A19 Afric on October, 181914.Henry James Hunter was atGallipoli on April 25, 1915 andwas evacuated from Lone PineAugust 16, 1915 suffering fromfever and pulmonary TB.In December 1915 he wasdischarged cured from hospitaland in May 1916 he joined the1 st ANZAC Entrenching Battalionserving with this unit at theSomme, near Ypres.While serving with this unit hereceived the Meritorious ServiceMedal. The citation read;-For devotion to duty and disregardof personal safety duringintermittent shelling of Bapaumefor two months and energeticmeritorious service in theorganization of a) Brickfields area,b) Bapaume area, c) Blequin area,and d) Reinforcement Campsarea. His conduct and bearing inthe A.I.F. since September 1914has set a fine example.He was promoted several times inthe field and was TemporaryRegimental Sergeant Major whenhe applied for discharge. On hisreturn to Australia he wasdischarged on June 6, 1918 withthe rank of corporal.Henry James Hunter was living atLinden Lodge, Linden when hedied on November 16, 1923.The Office of the Australian WarGraves Commission found that hemet the criteria to have his gravemaintained by the department.On November 7, 2009, the gravewill be rededicated, with hisgrandchildren and greatgrandchildren present. Oneperson will be travelling from AliceSprings, NT.Pictured above is a plaquebearing the AIF Rising Sun badgeand the inscription 1066 [his armyservice No.] Corporal HJ Hunter 1ANZAC Entrenching Battalion 16November 1923 Age 53 has beenset in the headstone. Pictured atleft the original grave.Photographs John Leary, OAMand Lynne Tocher.Peter Stanbury volunteers for Cambodian museum workThe glass in the glass platesappeared to be breaking down.On some of the plates a whitepowdery substance was beingdeposited and many other platesappeared damp.Both manifestations appeared onthe glass side; by and large theemulsion side was not affected. Theplates had been stored horizontallyin boxes containing about 8 - 12plates.One of his tasks was to assess andprovide conservation advice abouttheir photographic collections.These consist of about 4000glass negatives of whole plate sizedating from about 1890 - 1920;5000 21/4 square film negativesdating from 1930 - 50 and manythousands of prints.Pictured is Dr Stanbury stacking the glass plates, cleaned, rewrapped and boxed.HERITAGE8November - December 2009

UNESCO Australian Memory of theWorld Register contributionCongratulations are due to LoisSabine of Springwood who afterbeavering away for over a year on aproject, on October 16, 2009, saw itadded to the UNESCO AustralianMemory of the World Registerwhere it will accompany just 30carefully selected items incudingJames Cook’s Endeavour Journaland the Mabo case manuscripts.(http://www.amw.org.au/register/amw_reg06.htm )Working full-time for theDepartment of Lands, Lois hasindexed the ‘Old Register 1-9’which are nine volumes of assortedrecords of agreements madebetween 1798 and 1825.Those agreements range throughsales of land, division of propertybetween individuals, powers ofattorney, promissory notes, sales ofarticles including live-stock andcrops, hire of ships, buildingcontracts, leases, apprenticeshipsas well as pre-nuptial andseparation agreements.President of Blue MountainsHistorical Society Inc., Dr PeterRickwood in alerting HERITAGE toMs Sabine’s achievement said,“What a variety and all to be foundLois Sabine is a member of theBlue Mountains Historical Society,the Society of AustralianGenealogists and the NSWWriters Centre.She has worked weekly for thepast 8 years as a volunteerindexing all kinds of records at theCity of Sydney Archives. Inaddition for the past seven yearsshe has volunteered at StateRecords at Kingswood working onSoldier Settlement Records.Lois does research for others. Loishas recently concluded the verylarge index for Jan’Barkley Jack’snew book “Hawkesbury Revealed”which has just been launched.When the City of Sydney Councilboundaries were extended ShirleyFitzgerald’s book “Sydney’sStreets” became out of date.Lois was invited to research andindex all of the additional suburbs.within a single DVD containing pdffiles of indexes and images ofscanned pages from the originalregisters.“What a treasure trove for historiansinterested in the founding years ofthe Colony! Moreover, the files canbe electronically searched for aparticular person – maybe anancestor!” , said Dr RickwoodLois SabineThis work is now available on thecouncil website.It was due to her connection withthat publication that the Dept ofLands became aware of her workand asked her to do the index forthe Old Registers.our earliest settlers held withinthem.“Almost a year later, on completionof my work transcribing andindexing the entries from theoriginal registers, the work wastransformed by the Department ofLands into a searchable DVD,covering registration dates whichrange from 1802 to 1825.Image No. 1 is from Book 5, Page10, Entries 402 to 404 are from1811 and include a bill of Sale,Bargain and Sale and a Deed of Giftfrom William Packer to his sonWilliam James Packer.Reproduced with the permission ofLand and Property ManagementAuthority.Ms Sabine said, when she wasasked by the Department of Landsto create an entirely new andcomplete index for these mostimportant historical records she wasthrilled.“The original index was misplacedwhen the Old Register wastransferred from the custody of theSupreme Court to the reestablishedoffice of the RegistrarGeneral in 1857.“Despite the Registers beingthought of as showing landtransactions only, I was aware ofthe wealth of other personalinformation concerning the lives of“It is important to note that the datesin the Register are those ofdocument registration only, notnecessarily the date on which theagreement took place which couldbe years earlier.”The DVD is in two parts. Part one isthe index to the complete ninevolumes. Part two repeats theindex, but a click on the entry slowlyreveals the image of the originalpage.Index columns ‘From’, ‘To’ and‘Details’ are listed alphabetically. Toget an overview of the wealth ofinformation available, a search ofthe ‘Details’ column will be foundvery rewarding. All streets,townships and locations are listed.HERITAGE9November - December 2009

Australian Memory of the World RegisterContinued from page 9Slotted in between are Affidavits,Agreements, Arbitrations Bonds,Articles of Agreements,Assignments, Debts, Deeds ofTrust, Letters and Powers ofAttorney, Gifts, Indenture ofApprenticeships, Marriage andSeparation Agreements, PromissoryNotes, Sealing, Shipping, with allPublic Houses easily found under‘Sign of —’While many of the entries areconnected to land, the followingentries are some of the morepersonal examples.Agreements. William Nash agreedto give Eleanor Logan one half of allthat he possessed in this country.Bk 1, P 154, entry 1177.Bonds. Edward Wills signed aBond to William Bennett for Wills tokeep the peace. Bk 1, P 83, entry426.Debt. William Gore, ProvostMarshall, sold John Bowman’s farmArcherfield to John Reddington fordebt. Bk 5, P 230, entry 998.Gifts. Thomas Rickerby gave to hisgodson William Gray an allotmentof land of 054½ rods, part ofCatherine Farm [Windsor]. It was tobe held in Trust by William’s fatherJohn Gray until William’s maturity.Bk 8, P 29, entry 39.John Coffee gave to Ann Kinsela No4 Cumberland Street, skillion andground on condition that she did notannoy him. Bk 5, P 248, entry 1047.Indenture of Apprenticeships.These were given for blacksmiths,cabinet makers, pipe makers, ropemakers, seamen, shipwrights,shoemakers, engineers,wheelwrights and navigators.Image No 2 is from Book 1, Page76, entries 358 to 365. They includeAgreements, a Will, Power ofAttorney and an Assignment to sella house.Reproduced with the permission ofLand and Property ManagementAuthority.arranged for her to regain herdwelling house and coach houseoccupied by Sarah prior to hermarriage to Waples. Bk 8, P 294,entry 469.Power of Attorney. Eber Bunkergave Margaret Bunker and WilliamBroughton Power of Attorney to beused in the case of Eber Bunker’sdeath. Bk 6, P 24, entry 1335.Shipping. William Freeman wasengaged by Henry Kable & Co as acooper to King Island in theschooner Governor King to cooperfor 300 tons of oil. Bk 1. P 63a.entry 289Wills. Joseph Hatton bequeathedhis wife Rosamond Hatton oneshilling. His Jones Farm of 30 acresat Kissing Point together with thehouse, goods & chattels and stockhe left to Ann Smith. Bk 9, P 69,entry 113.Lois Sabine writes, “If my schoolhistory lessons had been based onthe stories in the Registers, I wouldnot have been numb with boredom.“The entries reflect everything in anemerging, stratified societycontaining violence, greed, guilt,matrimonial infidelities, family loveand separation, sudden death, ohyes, and land.“Recognition of the Old RegisterOne to Nine for inclusion forinscription on the UNESCOAustralian Memory of the WorldRegister shows these records, atlast fully revealed, to be of nationaland international importance.“A copy of the DVD should be inevery local library, historical society,family history society, universitylibrary, and school library,” MsSabine said.Marriage Agreements. ThomasBroadhurst acted as Trustee forSarah Packer, widow, to makearrangements for her to retain herproperty left to her by her latehusband William upon her marriageto Robert Waples. Bk 8, P 161,entry 237.Marriage Separations. Trustees forRobert Waples and Trustees forSarah Waples [nee Packer]Pictured from left: Lois Sabine, Tony Kelly, NSW Minister for Lands withMadi Maclean and Nicola Forbes, both from the Land and PropertyManagement Authority on the presentation of the inscription of The OldRegister One to Nine to the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.HERITAGE10November - December 2009

Hawkesbury Settlement RevealedThousands of present-dayAustralians, including many in theBlue Mountains, trace theirforebears to the early farmers onthe banks of the Upper HawkesburyRiver.The European settlement there,known initially as the District ofMulgrave Place, began in theeighteenth century.In my latest book I seek to transportreaders to an intimate experience ofthat first decade.by Jan Barkley-JackHawkesbury Settlement Revealed:a new look at Australia’s thirdmainland settlement, 1793-1802 isa re-evaluation of the earlyHawkesbury farms, dismantling thecultural bias evident in most of thecontemporary chroniclers.‘Saunderson’s Farm. Looking down the River’, engraving by William Lowry,apparently from original by Thomas Watling, in D. Collins, An Account of theEnglish Colony in New South Wales vol.I, 1798. This is the only picture of 1794Hawkesbury farms in existence, thought to have been sketched in 1795 or1796. By courtesy of Royal Australian Historical Society.As I explore the conventionalcontention that the settlers as agroup created and earned their ownnotoriety, the stereotypical image ofthem as lazy, lawless drunkards isseverely modified.Exciting new material from witnessstatements in court cases, from landtransaction records and from thesettlers’ own writings has been usedto produce an original and at timesstartling re-evaluation.The evidence usedcomprehensively for the first timeallows the people to inhabit thebook’s pages and to emerge aspersonalities, a lively and for themost part likeable parade, in whichthe achievements of high-flyingtransportees stand alongside thoseof the ordinary impoverished exconvictsand free settlers.Characters can be given, forexample, to the eleven, hithertoinvisible female landholders. Oneof their number, Sarah Cooley, wasat home both in Sydney and on theHawkesbury.She emerges not just as the longtimepartner of the militarycommandant, Neil McKellar, butalso as the person who ranMcKellar’s farm, raised theirchildren and made wide and astutebusiness dealings.Sarah developed the highest profileof all the early Hawkesbury femaleex-convicts.Part of the local significance ofMargaret Catchpole (a well-knownname) and the less familiar SarahCobcroft and Ann Blady comes fromtheir role as midwives, while MaryArcher deserves to be rememberedfor her bravery in speaking outagainst the European men whomurdered two Aboriginal youths.The instability and violence whicharose from the new European farmsimpinging on Aboriginal lands andtraditional food supplies createdthreats for the Indigenous peopleand settlers alike.The women of both cultures knewfear while also displaying fortitude,and many cases of both Indigenouspeople and European settlersshowing humanity and compassionhave been documented.Recurrent floods created misery.William Aspinall wrote of his familybeing left ‘helpless spectators onlyof our stacks, barns, houses andstock swimming down the current’.Patrick Hynes had had ‘to go inDebt to seed and crop his ground… and before …[he] couldDischarge his Debt all … would besweepted away … his grain, pigs,fowls, his furniture, Beds, Bedingand wearing Aperal’.Careful selection of coloured printsand modern photographs illustrategraphically how these and otherfarms were periodically almosttotally submerged under the floodwaters.Yet despite adversity, 58% of theearliest settler families were stillfarming on the Hawkesbury as thefirst decade of the nineteenthcentury dawned and over 70% werecultivating at least the six acres thatconstituted John Macarthur’sdefinition of a sustainable familyfarm.I have resurrected a forgotten exconvict,the most successful of allthe early Hawkesbury settlers, JohnStogdell, rich in his own right, whowas the agent for the powerfulCommissary General, John Palmer.Stogdell met an untimely end in the1801 flood, but he had alreadyestablished consolidated farmspreviously thought impossibly grandfor the early frontier and had alsosupervised the completion ofPalmer’s handsome Sydney estateof ‘Woollomooloo’.One hundred pages of courtproceedings have revealed all thisin startling detail, which ispresented as a separate case study.Continued page 12HERITAGE11November - December 2009

Hawkesbury Settlement RevealedContinued from page 11The emancipist John Harris mayhave escaped floods but he did notescape the wrath of another militarycommandant, Anthony Fenn Kemp.Harris set his dogs on trespassingpigs belonging to the irasciblecommandant and later in courtclaimed to be a ‘free man … and aCitizen of the World’, using theterminology of the FrenchRevolution.Samuel Marsden’s evidence isshown to have kept Harris’s goodcharacter intact, whilstdemonstrating that earlyHawkesbury politics were moresophisticated than is currentlybelieved.One of the features of this book isthe full and detailed listing,including map locations, of the landpromised in 1794 to 1796, tied toappendices which recite every landtitle granted in the district up to1802.To illustrate the localised domain ofthese first Hawkesburyites, I haveransacked the drawings, paintingsand prints surviving from the periodbefore 1820 and especially before1805.Detail of ‘A View of Part of the Town of Windsor’, drawn and engraved byPhilip Slager or Slaeger, published by Absalom West, Sydney 4 June 1813.The detail shows retailing activity and delivery of stores in what is nowThompson Square, Windsor, typical of the river trade on the UpperHawkesbury in the 1790s. The cottage is likely to have been occupied byAndrew Thompson up to 1800. Taken from the author’s copy of the originalprint.Modern digital technology makes itpossible for the first time to makelegible enlargements of tinyincidental images of individual farmbuildings and ordinary people goingabout their work in the first twodecades of settlement.The illustrations in the book areunhackneyed and are presented incolour wherever appropriate.They are an important part of therevelation of the earliestHawkesbury settlement.The author - Jan Barkley-Jack, BA (Hons)Jan Barkley Jack, BA (Hons) is ahistorian who was educated inSydney and at the University ofNew England, obtaining a major inboth history and archaeology inher degree.She co-authored the HawkesburyCity Council’s Bicentennial historyand has written articles andchapters in publications on avariety of historical topics relatingto the Hawkesbury and otherareas.As a resident of Windsor, she hasbeen actively involved there inpromoting history through beingon Hawkesbury Historical Society,National Trust and HawkesburyCity Council Heritage andcelebration committees, and asHon. Curator of HawkesburyMuseum between the mid-1980sand 2001(unofficially carrying outthat role for ten years previously).Jan has presented CommunityLink courses for the University ofWestern Sydney and was arecipient of a CommonwealthCentenary Medal in 2003 for‘service to the community throughthe history and heritage of theHawkesbury’.In 2005 she was an advisor to SBSTelevision on historical content intheir Living History series ‘TheColony’. For her current PhD,being undertaken with theUniversity of Western Sydney, sheis seeking to extend understandingof the dynamics of early farmingsettlement in New South Wales,especially in frontier districts likethe Hawkesbury, in the years thatled up to the Macquarie period.MAP CARE ANDCONSERVATIONPlans are now well advanced for aworkshop to be held at the Landand Property Management Authorityof NSW at Bathurst on Friday,February 19, 2010.The workshop will look at thetechniques for restoring damagedmaps, and methods of storing andcatologuing maps.Participants in the workshop willvisit the scanning and restorationarea, cadastral, topographic andsurveying sections.Time will be spent in the graphicservices section which includesbookbinding, digital imagery andpre digital mapping.Participants will also see the latesttechnology and glimpse of historicalmap making.HERITAGE12November - December 2009

Railway station home for Mt VictoriaHistorical Society’s museumHistorical societies often are locatedin heritage buildings and some evenend up in railway properties, whichis the case for Mt Victoria HistoricalSociety Inc. which has operated amuseum in the former railway diningand refreshment rooms part of theMt Victoria railway station for almost40 years.The station building itself is aheritage listed building, andcollected railway material isnationally significantIt is one of the few sandstonebuildings of State Rail. It wasopened in 1868 as a very smallstation, and significant additionsbuilt in 1872, 1884 including thefirst floor, and 1911.Numerous photographs andresearch material are held of staff,and stories documented of theirwork and social life. At least fourpeople still living in the village,worked when they were young, inthe dining rooms.Early freight was sent to Sydney forsupplies and export - livestock,meat, and wool, because the earlymountain roads were too steep fortrucks so animals were herded upto Mt Victoria.In 1971 the historical societyopened its museum under a leaseagreement with State Rail.More recently the old manager’s flaton the first floor and the old groundfloor kitchen have been added tothe lease. All society activities,monthly meetings etc. are held onthese premises.The society, then named Mt YorkHistorical Society was formed in1966 by residents of the BlueMountains villages of Mt Victoria,Blackheath and Hartley.The collections were initially housedin members’ homes, where regularmeetings were held, often with aguest speaker.may have been called, Glen Ogieby then.Outings to places of local interestwere organised. In the late 1960sthe name was changed to MtVictoria Historical Society, followingconfusion with the Mt York NaturalHistory Museum which operated inthe “Kiosk” building at Mt York.The railway station premises haveprovided the museum with a rangeof room sizes. The dining room hasmostly glass display cabinets,vertical and horizontal, for smalleritems and documents. The largerefreshment room has been usedfor a wide range of medium to largeobjects from farm machinery, tools,horse buggy, furniture display etc.arranged in subject groups.There are 11 smaller rooms, mostused for displays and most of thesehave a specific theme; - Mel WardNatural History; Photographic -items and notable photographerspictures; Gowns; Trains; Mt Victoria;Osborne Ladies CollegeBlackheath - Ron Brasier collectionand the Old- time school room.The collections include; about 2600artefacts 350 books 700 historicphotographs, of which 500 arecopied and are organised in folders,230 framed pictures, 260 researchfiles,160 maps, survey plans,drawings etc.The old kitchen which has beenonly recently cleared out by StateRail is currently being set up forresearch.Some years ago curatorsembarked on spread-sheet dataentries for much of the accessioncollection - some 1700 items eachunder approx 20 headings- donor,origin, details ; and much of thephotographic collection - some 500,again under numerous headings.After a lull in updating the data, thishas been re-commenced. Materialheld relates primarily, but notexclusively to the villages and areabetween Katoomba and Hartley.It has been suggested thecollection is significant it beingpossibly, the only collectionrecording the exploration, surveyingand building of the first roads andrailway across the Blue Mountains.It is significant in encompassing thestory of convict labour, thedevelopment of farms, villages andtowns, and the extensive number ofContinued page 14For a time some were also held inMr Rienits Private School inMontgomery St, Mt Victoria whichA phaeton (buggy) circa early 1900s. This carriage is 2-seater, pulled by twohorse for light duties in country or town.HERITAGE13November - December 2009

The volcanic geology ofMt Wilson and Mt IrvineMt Wilson and Mt Irvine HistoricalSociety Inc. will hold its annualgeneral meeting on Saturday,November 14, 2009 at the MtWilson Village Hall, The Avenue, MtWilson, to which members andfriends are invited.The guest speaker will be Dr PeterRickwood who arguably knowsmore than anyone about thegeology of the Mt Wilson and MtIrvine area.“A connection with Mt Wilsoncommenced shortly after buying ahouse at Blackheath in 1979,” saysDr Peter Rickwood“Our neighbour was the daughter ofPeter and Johnny Kirk and theywere quickly ‘adopted’ by ourchildren as surrogate grandparentsin lieu of the real ones who wereresident in England and seldomseen.“Accordingly visits to Mt Wilsonbecame frequent and Peter verballydirected me to various places to getsamples of basalt.“Revision of the geology courses atUNSW in the late 1970s brought tome the need to find a field area forthe Year 4 students who needed toget samples for a geochemistryproject.“What better than to take them to aplace that I was starting to knowquite well so in 1981 the first groupcollected from sites ranging from MtHay to Mt Tootie.“Later the groups worked at eitherMt Wilson or Mt Irvine and thecollecting became an annual eventuntil 1997 when I retired.“The students worked in smallgroups of 3 or 4 and each groupwas accompanied by a qualifiedgeologist; on many occasions BillSmart alsoaccompanied one of thegroups and his guidance toconcealed access routes wasinvaluable.their various projects and since thena book on Blackheath and othertopics of historical research havenot given me adequate time to mullover this material - until now!“The talk will dwell on the volcanicgeology of the area and thewonderful welcome given to thestudents by many of thelandowners,” said Peter.Dr Rickwood is a visiting seniorresearch fellow at the School ofBiological, Earth & EnvironmentalMt Victoria station museumhome to bush toolsContinued from page 13early agricultural implements. Mostof these were gifted from thedescendents of people who madeand used them, and individualaccounts have also been recorded.After the first convict colony wasestablished in Sydney, earlyfarming for food was started on theSydney basin plains, (oftenunsuccessful) and travel beyondnot encouraged or allowed withoutpermission.The Blue Mountains were a naturalbarrier welcomed by authority,especially for the convicts. Whenfood became a problem, farmanimals began arriving, broaderScience at the University of NSWand president of the Blue MountainsHistorical Society Inc.Morning tea will be served at10.30am, the annual meeting willcommence at 11am followed by anaddress by Dr Rickwood. A lightlunch will be served following thepresentation.For catering purposes pleaseadvise Mary Reynolds 4756 2006Florence Smart 4756 2063 or HelenCardy 9871 3661 or e-mailwestring@bigpond.complains with better soil was neededand explorers, surveyors includingWentworth, Blaxland, Lawson,Evans came to Mt Victoria, andnearby.Information for this article hasbeen provided by Roy Bennett,curator of the Mt Victoria HistoricalSociety Museum.Roy moved from Sydney to MtVictoria about 4 years ago soonafter joining the society, itscommittee and became itsvoluntary curator 2 or 3 years ago.Most of the information comesfrom an application he prepared foran application for a NationalLibrary Special Significance grant.“While the students were stillinvestigating these rocks it was notpossible to write up the outcome ofBush saws and other farm tools used in timber getting and land clearing.HERITAGE14November - December 2009

Tyldesley the village that disappearedThe spine of the Great DividingRange leading north fromWallerawang to Mudgee is rich inminerals. Since the late 19 th centurythe region along the “Mudgee Line”has seen gold, coal and oil shalemining, limestone quarrying, andthe manufacture of petroleumproducts and cement. Following theconstruction of the Wallerawang toMudgee branch line railway fromthe early 1880s coal miningcommenced at various placesincluding Cullen Bullen.Between 1888 and 1960 the areaaround Cullen Bullen hosted sixunderground coal mines. Two ofthese mines, Tyldesley andInvincible were major producersand employers in the early to mid20 th century. To alleviate coalshortages experienced immediatelyafter World War II the Joint CoalBoard encouraged the developmentof open cut coal mining in the area.The open cut mines were worked bythe army and air force during the1949 coal strike.The village of Tyldesley grewaround the headworks of the GreatWestern Colliery and its successorTyldesley Colliery from 1904.Like many coal communities thevillage consisted of shanties built oncolliery land using a mixture oftraditional building methods such aswattle and daub and foundmaterials including sacking,kerosene tins and explosives boxes.Tyldesley Colliery ceased operationin 1960 and the village was largelyabandoned by the mid 1960s. Littleremained of the village by the timea new open cut mine wasdeveloped on the site from 2001.The village has all but disappearedfrom the landscape.The City of Greater Lithgow MiningMuseum Inc is preparing to printRay Christison’s latest book on thehistory of coalmining in the WesternCoalfield. This book will be in asimilar format to Lithgow State CoalMine a pictorial history published inMay this year.The book uses a mixture ofhistorical records, newspaperreports and the memories of formerresidents to present the story ofPictured is water bailer, Harry McAlpine, colliery engineer, JamesWilson and the colliery dog Rex at Tyldesley in the early 1950s. Harryand his wife Annie also ran the post office and general store atTyldesley.coal mining around Cullen Bullenand Tyldesley. The book isillustrated with 19 maps and plans,and over 70 photographs of thedistrict’s mines and the village ofTyldesley.The new book, focuses on the storyof the Great Western/TyldesleyColliery that operated from 1904 to1960 and the village that grewaround the mine’s headworks.It also includes a brief history of theneighbouring village of CullenBullen and the collieries thatoperated in the Cullen Bullendistrict, including:Cullen Bullen Colliery 1888-1900, Shepherd and Massey’sMine1888, Invincible Colliery 1905-1957, Renown Colliery 1921-1929,1940-1954, Invincible No.2 Colliery1925-1931, Ben Bullen Colliery1926-1929, Wattle Mount Colliery1929, 1949-1950s, Ben BullenOpen Cut 1946-1955,Red Springs Open Cut 1947-1955,Cullen Main Open Cut 1948-1952 ,Beaumaris Open Cut 1949-1953.It is planned to release the book byNovember 30, 2009.The City of Greater Lithgow MiningMuseum is offering a prepublicationdiscount for ordersplaced before this date.Pre-publication order form and areseller order form can bedownloaded from the City ofGreater Lithgow Mining Museumwebsite www.statemine.org.auBULL’S CAMPMYTHSDEBUNKEDWhen Major Thomas Mitchellbegan his road deviation works adepot was set up in the 1830s ata site known as Twenty-MileHollow [now Woodford]. Convictsengaged in road constructionwere camped here, as well astheir military guards.In 1842 Captain Bull was placedin charge of the camp. Two storerooms were excavated in the softsandstone; these were not cells,as the popular notion has it.Nor were parallel grooves in thenearby rock surface cut to givethe flagellator a foothold [or todrain away the blood of theconvict being flogged]; they wereon a path to a nearby kitchen andwere most likely put there toprevent slipping on the slopingrock surface. Source: Places ofHistoric Interest on the BlueMountains published by theSpringwood Historical Societyfrom data provided the Society’sresearcher Allan Searle 1977.HERITAGE15November - December 2009

ADVENTURECHALLENGEEverglades at Leura and theNorman Lindsay Gallery atFaulconbridge are among NationalTrust of Australia (NSW) propertiesparticipating in the Premier’sAdventure Challenge.The idea of the challenge is toencourage children and theirfamilies to visit and enjoy the state’smuseums and galleries which willprovide free entry to primarystudents participating on weekends,public and school holidays untilJanuary 27, 2010.Their adventure begins when theypick up their free Kid’s AdventurePassport from any participatingmuseum or gallery in NSW.They can then explore the manytreasures found within the listedproperties.Once the students have collectedthree stamps they can apply for anofficial certificate from the Premier’sDepartment, which recognises theirachievement.For details on where to collect apassport and start the challenge goto www.arts.nsw.gov.auHistoric Mt. York cemeteryThe Blue Mountains Family HistorySociety’s latest publication, HistoricMount York Cemetery, Hartley Vale,was launched on September 18,2009 at the annual conference ofthe NSW & ACT Association ofFamily History Societies at Wyong.It is not the usual cemetery update,but a compilation from four knownlists, no two of which are identical.The cemetery dates from the early1830s, on Pierce Collit’s land, notfar from the base of Lawson’s LongAlley, the steep western descentfrom Mt. York.President of the Blue MountainsFamily History Society, JoanEdwards writes that the closedcemetery has a Lithgow LGAHeritage Order, and is controlled bythe Hartley Vale and Mt BlaxlandTrust. It is no longer on private land,but accessible on foot in daylighthours.“Time, vandalism and neglect haveplayed their part in destroyingtangible evidence. Many burialswere prior to civil registrations andnot listed in NSW BDMs,” claims MsEdwards.“Early burials include Pierce andMary Collit, family members, localworkers and travellers.All the president’s penniesOne day in 1791 GeorgeWashington received a bill for 60pounds, 1 shilling and 7 pencefrom his friend Dr James Craik.The invoice ran to two pages:[“Anodyne Pills for Breachy…Laxative pills for Ruth…syphilicPills for Maria…ozAntiphlogistie Anodyne Tincture…Bleeding Charlotte……oz 4Powdered Rhubarb… Extractingone of your Negroes tooth… AMercurial Purge for Cook Jack…”]Washington was extraordinarilycareful with his accounts detailingevery penny in ledgers usingdouble entry bookeeping.This brief glimpse is contained inwhat historians say is a vast cacheof financial documents from thelife of the first US president.Documenting lives of ordinarypeople – merchants, tradesmen,servants and slaves are scatteredaround institutions in the US. Inmost cases they have never beentranscribed or published inaccessible form.That archival quandary lured 25scholars, some of them ‘forensicaccountants” to Mt Vernon, recentlyfor a workshop to plan how to getrecords on-line.Joyce Chaplin, Harvard historian,said the papers offered a picture of“material culture”.Among the papers are chillingpassages for the modern reader forexample, Washington recordedbuying, at public auction “Ned a girl“Murria””, “Old Abner” “a WenchDinah” and her four children.As Washington aged, he wasincreasingly repulsed by slavery.The Washington TimesLater many were familiesassociated with the local shale oilmine.”One conference delegate providedevidence that one of her family wasone of the unknown, unrecordedburials. “Hopefully with thispublication, evidence of more of theunrecorded will be added to ourknowledge,” Ms Edwards stated.The book of known burials includesinscriptions, some recorded 45years ago and no longer legible,and illustrated with 50 B & Wphotos. It is available from the BlueMountains Family History SocietyPO Box 97 Springwood 2777 orxploretree@yahoo.com.au. at a costof $20 plus postage.BMACHO MEETINGCO-ORDINATORSThe former secretary of LithgowBranch National Trust, Lyn Fowler,and Doug Knowles of GlenbrookHistorical Society both members ofBMACHO’s committee have takenon the role of meeting coordinators.Secretary, Barrie Reynolds said thiswould spread the work load of thecommittee.They will take on the administrativeand management of meetings, suchas annual general meeting, midyear meetings and variousseminars and workshops. Theselection of speakers will continueto be a responsibility of the wholecommittee.HERITAGE16November - December 2009

National Trust registers industrial pastIn a quiet show of support for theappreciation of Sydney’s industrialheritage, the National Trust hasadded one of Sydney Harbour’smightiest tools to its register – an 85year old shipyard crane.The colossal machine spent muchof its working life at the now-defunctMort’s Dockyard in Balmain, haulingferries and World War 2 navy shipsfrom the sea for repair, but was latermoved to its present location onGoat Island.Mort’s Dock at Balmain was openedin 1856. Thomas Sutcliffe Mortcame to Australia in 1838 as a clerkand soon became involved in awide range of commerce. AmongBLUE MOUNTAINS ASSOCIATION OF CULTURALHERITAGE ORGANISATIONS INC.REGISTERED OFFICE 40 Hume Avenue,Wentworth Falls 2782E-mail: bmacho.heritage@gmail.comWebsite: www.bluemountains.heritageTHE ORGANISATION Blue MountainsAssociation of Cultural Organisations Inc.(BMACHO) was established in April 2006 followinga unanimous response to a proposal from Prof.Barrie Reynolds at the 2004 Blue Mountains LocalHistory Conference which sought from BlueMountains City Council the creation of a culturalheritage strategy for the city.BMACHO in its constitution uses the definition:“Cultural heritage is all aspects of life of the peoplesof the Blue Mountains which was later changed tocover Lithgow and the villages along the Bell’s Lineof Roads. It therefore involves the recording,preserving and interpreting of information inwhatever form: documents, objects, recordedmemories as well as buildings and sites.”The objectives of the organisation arei. To raise public consciousness ofthe value of cultural heritage.ii. To encourage and assist culturalheritage activities of memberorganisations.iii. To initiate and support culturalheritage activities not already covered bymember organisations.One of the aims of BMACHO is to bring the variousbodies into closer contact, to encourage them towork more closely together and to provide acombined voice on matters of importance within theheritage sector.these ventures was refrigeratedtransport of produce for which hebuilt one of the earliest chillingworks at Bowenfels near Lithgow.The Trust listing coincides with callsfor a return to harbour open spacesincluding Goat Island, to their precolonialstate and the demolition ofthe industrial features.The industrial heritage officer at theNational Trust, Tony Brassil, saidthat there is always a tendency tosee heritage in terms of its beauty.“These are not necessarily things ofclassical beauty, but they certainlythings of engineering beauty, “ MrBrassil said.A mighty tool the 85-year oldshipyard craneWhile a listing on the Trust’sregister has no legal force, MrBrassil said he hoped it wouldunderscore the crane’s significance.MEMBERSHIP The following organisations aremembers of BMACHO: Blue Mountains City Library,Blue Mountains Historical Society Inc., Blue MountainsFamily History Society Inc., Blue Mountains TourismLimited, Blue Mountains World Heritage Institute,Cudgegong Museums Group, Friends of Everglades,Friends of Norman Lindsay Gallery, Glenbrook &District Historical Society, Kurrajong-ComleroyHistorical Society Inc, Lilianfels Blue Mountains Resort,Lithgow Mining Museum, Lithgow Regional Library –Local Studies, Lithgow Small Arms Factory Museum,Mid-Mountains Historical Society, Mid WesternRegional Council Library, Mt Tomah Botanic Gardens,Mt Victoria and District Historical Society Inc., MtWilson and Mt Irvine History Society (including TurkishBath Museum), Mudgee Historical Society, MudgeeRegional Library, National Trust of Australia (NSW) -Blue Mountains Branch (including Woodford Academy),National Trust of Australia (NSW) - Lithgow Branch),Scenic World – Blue Mountains Limited, Springwood &District Historical Society Inc., Springwood Historians,Two Centuries of Elegance, Valley Heights LocomotiveDepot and Museum, Zig Zag Railway. The following areindividual members: Wendy Carlson, Ray Christison,Ms Pamela Hubert, Associate Professor Ian Jack, JoanKent, John Leary OAM, John Low, Professor BarrieReynolds, and Dr Peter Stanbury OAM.COMMITTEE The committee for 2009-10 is: JohnLeary, (president) Ian Jack (vice president), BarrieReynolds (secretary), Kathie McMahon (treasurer),Jean Arthur, Ray Christison, Lyn Fowler, Doug Knowles,and Dick Morony (public officer), Peter Stanbury.AUDITOR: Sue McMahon, B Comm CPAAFFILIATIONS BMACHO is a member of the RoyalAustralian Historical Society Inc.HERITAGEis BMACHO’s official newsletter.HERITAGE17November - December 2009