[U] User's Guide

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Copyright c○ 1985–2009 by StataCorp LPAll rights reservedVersion 11Published by Stata Press, 4905 Lakeway Drive, College Station, Texas 77845Typeset in TEXPrinted in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1ISBN-10: 1-59718-064-5ISBN-13: 978-1-59718-064-1This manual is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system, or transcribed, in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, orotherwise—without the prior written permission of StataCorp LP unless permitted by the license granted to you byStataCorp LP to use the software and documentation. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to anyintellectual property rights is granted by this document.StataCorp provides this manual “as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, butnot limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. StataCorp may makeimprovements and/or changes in the product(s) and the program(s) described in this manual at any time and withoutnotice.The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement or nondisclosure agreement. The softwaremay be copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. It is against the law to copy the software ontoDVD, CD, disk, diskette, tape, or any other medium for any purpose other than backup or archival purposes.The automobile dataset appearing on the accompanying media is Copyright c○ 1979 by Consumers Union of U.S.,Inc., Yonkers, NY 10703-1057 and is reproduced by permission from CONSUMER REPORTS, April 1979.Stata and Mata are registered trademarks and NetCourse is a trademark of StataCorp LP.Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies.For copyright information about the software, type help copyright within Stata.The suggested citation for this software isStataCorp. 2009. Stata: Release 11. Statistical Software. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
iTable of contentsStata basics1 Read this—it will help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1 Getting Started with Stata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 The User’s <strong>Guide</strong> and the Reference manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.2.1 PDF manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.2.2 Example datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.2.3 Cross-referencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2.4 The index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2.5 The subject table of contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2.6 Typography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2.7 Vignettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 What’s new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3.1 What’s new in the GUI and command interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.3.2 What’s new in data management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.3.3 What’s new in statistics (general) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.3.4 What’s new in statistics (longitudinal data/panel data) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.3.5 What’s new in statistics (time series) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.3.6 What’s new in statistics (survival analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.3.7 What’s new in statistics (multivariate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.3.8 What’s new in statistics (survey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.3.9 What’s new in statistics (multiple imputation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.3.10 What’s new in graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.3.11 What’s new in programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.3.12 What’s new in Mata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.3.13 What’s more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 A brief description of Stata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Resources for learning and using Stata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.2 The Stata web site (www.stata.com) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.3 The Stata Press web site (www.stata-press.com) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.4 The Stata listserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.5 The Stata Journal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.6 Updating and adding features from the web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.6.1 Official updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.6.2 Unofficial updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.7 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.7.1 NetCourses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.7.2 Public training courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.7.3 On-site training courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.8 Books and other support materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.8.1 For readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.8.2 For authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453.9 Technical support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453.9.1 Register your software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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17 Ado-filesContents17.1 Descriptio
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